The invention discloses a straw microwave hydrothermal-based super-capacitor activated carbon electrode material preparation system. A microwave low-temperature acidic hydrothermal device comprises astraw bin, a pulverizer, a phosphoric acid liquid storage tank, a microwave hydrothermal reaction kettle, a filter, a liquid product tank and a hydrothermal carbon storage tank. A high-temperature alkaline activation device comprises a potassium hydroxide storage tank, a first stirrer, a nitrogen cylinder, a tubular pyrolyzing furnace, a gas purification device, a gas storage tank, a hydrochloricacid tank, a clean water tank and an activated carbon storage tank. An electrode material preparation device comprises an acetylene black storage tank, an NMP storage tank, a PVDF storage tank, a second stirrer, a foamed nickel storage tank, a coater, a vacuum drier and a tablet press. By adopting the system, improvement is made on the production process of a biomass-based super-capacitor, all components of straw can be converted into clean energy and utilized, and the development and utilization of a high-performance super-capacitor can be achieved.