A push-broom LiDAR-based soil surface morphology monitoring device disclosed by the present invention comprises a push-broom laser ranging radar, a radar carrying platform and a data processing center. The radar carrying platform is used to drive the push-broom laser ranging radar to advance along the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the push-broom laser ranging radar comprises a radar main body anda laser ranging module, and the data processing center is used to control the motion of the radar carrying platform and the motion of a driving motor, receive and process the data of the push-broom laser ranging radar. The present invention also discloses a soil surface morphology monitoring and data analysis method based on the device. The device and the method of the present invention can capture the three dimensional morphology structure of a soil surface fine, at the same time, can avoid the interference of the external light, and are more accurate in measurement result. Meanwhile, the push-broom spatial motion can effectively reduce the soil surface information missing problems caused by the shading, such as the soil surface fluctuation, the irregular cracks, etc., and compared with afixed scanning unit, the more complete soil surface information can be obtained.