The invention provides a preheating catalytic-oxidation device with burner starting for coal mine ventilation air methane, and belongs to the technical field of ultralow-concentration methane oxidation; the device comprises a ventilation air methane gas supply system, a preheater and a reaction chamber disposed in a housing, a burner heating starting system, a gas intake system, a heat extractionsystem, and a measuring and controlling system, wherein a uniform-temperature uniform-flow bed layer and a catalytic-oxidation bed layer are orderly disposed in the reaction chamber along the gas flow direction, and hot gas generated by the burner heating starting system is delivered into the gas intake system. After the starting of heating in the reaction chamber, the ventilation air methane is fed into the preheater to be heated to a high temperature, and is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water in the catalytic-oxidation bed layer; a part of the oxidized hot gas is allowed to enter the heat extraction system for heat extraction and utilization, and the other part is allowed to enter the preheater for transferring heat to fresh ventilation air methane entering the preheater and for cooling, and then is discharged into atmosphere through a exhaust gas outlet. The invention has the advantages of compact structure, low power dissipation, simple operation, high reliability, flexible fuels, and the like.