The invention belongs to instrument technical field, in particular to a thermal expansion continuous micro-flow high-pressure gradient pump of high-effect liquid spectrometer, composed of a pressure-resistance heating pump, a micro-flow pump control system, a switch valve, a pressure sensor, and a liquid bottle connected in turn. The invention uses the theory of liquid thermal expansion, via pre/real-time calculation to control the heating process of heated liquid, to obtain micro-flow at 10-5 to 10-9L/min level via increasing temperature, as constant flow, linear gradient liquid flow and other types, and the output pressure can reach 10-35MPa. And the invention uses a valve switch system to realize automatic alternative operation of two pump groups, to confirm continuous output of micro flow, and realize at least binary flow equal/gradient watch, and uses dual-pressure balance point exchange technique, to confirm stable flow speed and stable pressure in pump switch.