The invention relates to a method for smelting high-phosphorus steel through a converter. The method includes the following steps of firstly, adding all active lime and light-burned dolomite at a timewithin 5 minutes of open blowing of the converter, controlling the alkalinity of final slag to be 2.0-2.5 and the oxygen pressure in the smelting process to be 0.85-1.00 Mpa, controlling the positionof a blowing lance to be 100-200 mm lower than that in normal dephosphorization melt, applying the high-low-low lance position to an oxygen lance in the blowing process, controlling the end point carbon temperature to hit the target, controlling the temperature, measured by a sublance, of a molten pool of a TSC to be 1610-1640 DEG C when oxygen blowing is completed by 80-85%, and forbidding to add a cold material within 100 seconds before oxygen blowing ends; secondly, controlling the end point carbon C in the converter to be 0.04-0.09%, controlling the tapping temperature to be 1645-1685 DEGC, and controlling the end point phosphorus P to be 0.040-0.070%; and thirdly, pouring part of slag after tapping is completed, adding light-burned dolomite for slag-splashing for protection of the converter, determining whether slag needs to be poured or not according to the after-slag-splashing slag amount condition, and controlling the residual slag amount to be 3-5 t for a next round of high-phosphorus steel smelting in the converter. By means of the method, the consumption of slag and alloy can be reduced, and the continuous and stable smelting of the converter can be ensured.