Provided in the invention is a temperature-compensation-function-contained method for estimating the charge state of a lithium battery. On the basis of the second-order RC network equivalent circuit model of all single batteries, a temperature model of all single batteries of a lithium battery group is established by combining the thermodynamic first rule, the Fourier's law and Newton's law of cooling, wherein the temperature model includes internal heat generated by all single batteries, convection and heat exchange between all single batteries and an ambient environment, convection and heatexchange among all single batteries, and conduction and heat transfer between all single batteries. Because of establishment of the temperature model, the estimation precision of internal parameters,including the open circuit voltage, internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, and polarization voltage, of the equivalent circuit model of all single batteries is improved; and on the basis of the unscented Kalman filter algorithm, the SOC of each single battery is estimated and the estimation precision of the SOC of each single battery is improved by combining the UKF of the temperature model. Therefore, the technical means and support basis having the certain reference value can be provided for the estimation method research of the SOCs of all single batteries in the lithium battery group.