The invention relates to a biodegradable additive for improving the property of a PVA-substituted sizing agent. The biodegradable additive is prepared from the following steps: by adopting agricultural side products and wastes as materials, obtaining a biodegradable mixture by alkaline extraction, and preparing the additive based on the agricultural side products and the wastes; or adopting anhydride (acetic anhydride, butanedioic anhydride and the like), unsaturated polar monomers (crylic acid, acrylonitrile, styrene and derivative and the like) to modify the additive based on the agricultural side products and the wastes, and preparing the modified additive based on the agricultural side products and the wastes; or adopting biodegradable polyhydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol amine as the materials and preparing a plasticizing additive based on the agricultural side products and the wastes together with the additive based on the agricultural side products and the wastes. The biodegradable additive has the advantages that the sizing property of the biodegradable textile sizing agent for cotton yarns, polyester, cotton-polyester blended yarns and other blended yarn threads can be improved, and simultaneously the degradability of the novel sizing agent is not weakened, so that the biodegradable additive is a green sizing-agent additive with low preparation cost and excellent biodegradability.