The invention discloses a method for preparing mono-disperse microemulsion, liposome and microspheres based on a microfluidic technology. The method comprises the following steps: taking aqueous solution (or oily solution) of a hydrophilic medicine (or a lipid-soluble medicine) as a disperse phase; taking an oil phase (or an aqueous phase) as a continuous phase; and respectively conveying the disperse phase and the continuous phase into corresponding micro-channels of a microfluidic chip device, shearing the phases into mono-disperse liquid drops of the encapsulated medicine, then curing the liquid drops by a certain curing method, and finally obtaining the medicine-carrying liposome, microspheres or the biodegradable microspheres with uniform size and dispersion stability. Under an optimum condition, the diameter distribution coefficients of the microemulsion and the microspheres can be less than 5%, and the diameter is 10-500microns. By utilizing the method, the problems such as uneven size, low embedding rate, poor dispersibility, poor targeting property, low bioavailability, low bioactivity of enzyme and cells, immune suppression and the like of the medicine-carrying microemulsion, the liposome and the microspheres prepared by the traditional ultrasonic method, agitation emulsification method and film hydration-dispersion method are solved.