The invention discloses a rubber diaphragm automatic detection and diaphragm-folding device and a method. The rubber diaphragm automatic detection and diaphragm-folding device includes a white rubberdiaphragm transport assembly, a black rubber diaphragm transport assembly, a diaphragm cutting assembly, a diaphragm defect detecting assembly, a diaphragm picking and stacking assembly and a diaphragm compacting assembly; and the white rubber diaphragm transport assembly and the black rubber diaphragm transport assembly are symmetrically distributed at the two sides of the diaphragm compacting assembly, the diaphragm picking and stacking assembly is arranged above the white rubber diaphragm transport assembly, the black rubber diaphragm transport assembly and the diaphragm compacting assemblyin a crossing mode, and the diaphragm cutting assembly and the diaphragm defect detecting assembly are both installed above the white rubber diaphragm transport assembly and the black rubber diaphragm transport assembly in a crossing mode. According to the rubber diaphragm automatic detection and diaphragm-folding device and the method, a manual operating mode is abandoned, the raw material diaphragm cutting and the rubber diaphragm stacking are both completed in an automation mode, and the defects of the rubber diaphragm can be automatically detected and defected rubber diaphragm can be automatically eliminated; and the diaphragm-folding quality and the diaphragm efficiency can be ensured, surplus scraps are not generated, the resource waste can be avoided, and the production cost of enterprises can be reduced; and the economic benefits of the enterprises can be improved.