The invention relates to a method for one-step extraction and separation of 
essential oil, water solution and lipid of fresh peony flowers. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of taking methyl 
ether or a mixed liquid of methyl 
ether, 
butane, 
propane and 
ethanol as a 
solvent, extracting the preprocessed fresh peony flowers in a sealed state at 10-50 DEG C under the pressure of 0.1-0.2MPa for 10-60 minutes; after the extraction is finished, performing 
solid-liquid separation, collecting an extraction liquid, and statically layering, wherein the peony 
essential oil is on the upper layer and the peony flower water solution and the peony flower lipid are on the lower layer; performing negative-pressure concentration on the lower-layer solution, and cooling and recovering a condensed liquid to obtain a peony flower water solution extraction liquid, wherein the concentrated liquid is the peony flower lipid. According to the method, the 
raw material variety is not limited, 
raw material resources can be fully utilized, the extraction rate is high, the residue content is low, the process is simple, the efficiency is high, the investment is low, and clean dewatered peony petals (filaments), peony flower 
essential oil, peony flower water solution extraction liquid and peony flower lipid can be obtained at the same time. The method is suitable for not only the fresh peony flowers but also rose flowers, 
rosa chinensis flowers, jasmine flowers, tea flowers, 
lavender and the like, the production cost is low, and the competitive 
advantage in market is remarkable.