The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular to a heat exchanger for viscous fluid with poor liquidity. The heat exchanger can be used for the fields of chemical engineering, petrochemical industry, food, medicine, papermaking, ships and the like and comprises a shell, an inner barrel, a motor, a heat exchange medium a, a heat exchange medium b, a bearing a and a bearing b; a fluid inlet and an outlet are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the shell and are located at two ends of the shell; through holes are arranged at the left end and the right end of the shell, and annular grooves are arranged on the through holes; two ends of the inner barrel are necking structures; the heat exchange surface is capable of rotating, so that heat exchange area is increased, disturbance is improved so as to strengthen heat exchange, and the heat exchange medium a and the heat exchange medium b do not permeate to each other; and as hermetic connection between a rotating pipeline and an outer barrel is in non-elastic contact dynamic sealing, mutual permeation of the two heat exchange media can be prevented.