157results about How to "Simple measuring principle" patented technology

The invention relates to a burst point three-dimensional coordinate measurement device and a burst point three-dimensional coordinate measurement method used in a target range to measure proximity fuse operating distance. The conventional photoelectric detection methods are mainly four-light-curtain junction and charge coupled device (CCD) combination-based measurement methods, and the conventional systems have great measurement errors. The photoelectric measurement device for measuring the projectile spatial burst point three-dimensional coordinates consists of a multi-light-curtain backdrop target, a system power supply, a projectile signal acquisition and processing device and a flame detector; the outputs of the multi-light-curtain backdrop target and the flame detector are connected to the signal acquisition and processing device; the multi-light-curtain backdrop target consists of a first backdrop target and a second backdrop target which are the same, the first backdrop target and the second backdrop target form three detection light curtains respectively, and the intersecting lines of the three detection light curtains and a random horizontal plane are 'N'-shaped in the space; and the first backdrop target, the second backdrop target and the flame detector are sequentially placed along the trajectory direction. The measurement principle is simple; the instruments are simple and convenient to place; and the measurement precision is high.

The invention belongs to the distributed fiber sensing technology, and provides a distributed fiber sensing method and a distributed fiber sensing device for simultaneously measuring temperature and strain. The method comprises the following steps of: calibrating Brillouin frequency shift temperature coefficients and strain coefficients of a sensing fiber to be measured, which correspond to incident light of two different wavelengths; measuring the Brillouin frequency shift quantity of the sensing fiber in the two different wavelengths; and calculating the temperature and strain distribution of the sensing fiber. Specifically, the incident light of the two different wavelengths can be sequentially and separately injected into the sensing fiber during measurement, and can also be simultaneously injected into the sensing fiber through a wavelength division multiplexer. By adopting the common single mode fiber, the cost is low and long-distance distributed sensing can be realized; and only the Brillouin frequency shift quantity in different pumping wavelengths is required to be measured, so that the measurement precision is effectively improved, and the structure of the system is relatively simple.

The invention discloses a total-station spatial measuring and positioning method based on optoelectronic scanning and ultrasound distance measurement and belongs to the technical field of big-size three-dimensional coordinate measurement in the industrial scene. The method comprises the following steps that a lunching base station and a receiver are built; the position of an ultrasound lunching module on the lunching base station is calibrated; the positions of a first ultrasound receiving module and a second ultrasound receiving module on the receiver are calibrated; the horizontal angle alpha and the pitch angle beta of a photodiode are measured with a photoelectric scanning method; through an ultrasound distance measurement method, the distance between the first ultrasound receiving module and the ultrasound lunching module and the distance between the second ultrasound receiving module and the ultrasound lunching module are measured; and the space coordinate of the photodiode is calculated. According to the total-station spatial measuring and positioning method based on optoelectronic scanning and ultrasound distance measurement, the total-station spatial measuring and positioning is realized only by a single lunching base station under certain specific working environment, the measurement principle is simple, and various requirements in the practical application are satisfied.

The invention discloses a dynamic measuring method of lubricating films of a sliding bearing, and an optical fiber sensor that is used for measurement. Two reflection-typed optical fiber sensors with coaxial double loops that form a right angle are respectively arranged at the two end faces of a bearing bush of the sliding bearing, two distances from A to A' and from B to B' are directly measured, the coordinates of the two points A' and B' that are obtained by measurement and calculation are substituted into a standard circle equation of a shaft neck so as to calculate the values of x and y of a cross section circle of the shaft neck, and consequently, the eccentric offset of the shaft neck, the smallest oil film thickness h<min>, the position angle of the smallest oil film thickness Theta<min> and the thickness of the oil films on any point along the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing h(Theta) are obtained in order; in order to implement subsequent failure diagnosis, the multi-dimensional features of the lubricating films of the sliding bearing are represented and extracted. The optical fiber sensor that is used in the dynamic measuring method comprises an optical fiber probe, an incident optical fiber and a receiving optical fiber beam, and is characterized in that two loops of receiving optical fiber beams including an inner loop and an outer loop are arranged closely and coaxially surrounding the incident optical fiber.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional reflection type supersonic wave wind speed anemoscope and a measuring method. The wind speed anemoscope comprises a control unit, a data processing unit, a wind speed and wind direction measuring unit, a direction calibration unit, a temperature compensation unit and an air pressure compensation unit. The wind speed and wind direction measuring unit is composed of a supersonic wave emitter, a supersonic wave receiver and a timer module; the direction calibration unit is composed of a digital compass and a magnetosensitive diode; the temperature compensation unit is composed of a temperature detection module and a heating module; and the air pressure compensation unit is composed of an air pressure sensor and a data acquisition module. According to the invention, one integrated ultrasonic sensor is employed for emission, one of echo signals is received, four receiving sensors receive and reflect the echo signals, the five sensors are arranged on the same horizontal plane, a wind speed and a wind direction can be calculated simply by use of a time difference between emission and receiving once, the measuring principle is simple, the measuring precision is improved, the service life of the instrument is prolonged, and the anemoscope and the method are suitable for various severe measuring environments.

The invention discloses an online detection method for the diameters of wheels of an urban rail vehicle based on laser displacement sensors. The online detection method comprises the following steps: sequentially arranging a first laser displacement sensor, a second laser displacement sensor and a third laser displacement sensor on the inner side of a rail along the movement direction of a vehicle; setting a fourth laser displacement sensor on the outer side of the rail to be symmetrical to the third laser displacement sensor; carrying out coordinate conversion on detection point coordinates obtained by simultaneously detecting the wheels by the four laser displacement sensors; fusing the detection data, subjected to the coordinate conversion, of the third laser displacement sensor and the fourth laser displacement sensor on the same coordinate system to obtain a complete tread contour line; extracting a right end face of a tread according to the data subjected to the coordinate conversion and determining a transverse coordinate of the right end face of the tread; and after carrying out segmentation fitting on a tread curve, extracting tread standard point coordinates measured by the first laser displacement sensor, the second laser displacement sensor and the third laser displacement sensor respectively according to the transverse coordinate value of the right end face of the tread and obtaining the diameters of the wheels. According to the online detection method, structure arrangement is convenient, a system is stable and a measurement principle is simple; and high-precision online non-contact type measurement can be carried out.

The invention relates to the field of design and manufacturing of force sensors and particularly relates to an orthogonal decoupling six-dimensional force sensor. The orthogonal decoupling six-dimensional force sensor comprises a fixed platform, a force measuring platform, detection branches and a strain gage, wherein the fixed platform and the force measuring platform are arranged in a parallel state; a set of detection branches at the vertical state are arranged between the fixed platform and the force measuring platform; each of the fixed platform and the force measuring platform is of a circular-disc-shaped structure; the center of the force measuring platform is provided with a quadrilateral through hole and the quadrilateral through hole is internally provided with a stand column; the other end of the stand column is connected with the fixed platform; the stand column is provided with a set of detection branches at the horizontal state; the other end of the detection branch at the horizontal state is connected with a hole wall of the quadrilateral through hole. The orthogonal decoupling six-dimensional force sensor has the following advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient measurement principle and great whole rigidity; all the detection braches are distributed in parallel or vertically so as to realize decoupling measurement on six-dimensional outer forces.

The invention discloses a contactless vehicle wheel diameter dynamical measuring device and a contactless vehicle wheel diameter dynamical measuring method in the technical field of a contactless vehicle wheel diameter dynamical measuring. The measuring device is formed by vehicle wheel positioning units, each vehicle wheel positioning unit is composed of a laser displacement sensor and two vortex flow transducers, wherein the vehicle wheel positioning units composed of the laser displacement sensors and the vortex flow transducers are arranged along a steel rail direction. The laser displacement sensor can be used for simultaneously measuring the distances between the corresponding points on the tread of a vehicle wheel which are sensed by each sensor. Meanwhile, the vortex flow transducer can be used for detecting the distance between a vertical direction and the tread of the vehicle wheel; when the distances detected by two vortex flow transducers are same, the lowest point of the circumference of the vehicle wheel passes the middle part of the two vortex flow transducers, then the distance reading on the laser displacement sensor is recorded; thus the diameter of the vehicle wheel of a train is calculated. According to the invention, not more than three sensors are adopted, and the measuring principle is simple and practical.

The invention provides a device and method for measuring the interface of a medium in a container, relating to the technical field of industrial measurement control. According to the device and method disclosed by the invention, the height, the size and/or the weight, and the like of the mixing medium in the container can be monitored conveniently by means of the cooperative use of a radar level gauge and a differential pressure transmitter, the measuring principle is simple, the calculation speed is fast and the method is easy to realize. The device has the advantages of high measurement precision, not high demands on work environment and the measured medium, safety and convenience for operation, and easiness in installation and maintenance, and can effectively solve the problem of difficulty in the measurement of the medium interface in the prior art.

The invention discloses a novel double-channel differential measurement method of an atmospheric aerosol absorption coefficient based on coaxial photo-thermal interference. The method comprises the following steps of: forming interference in a to-be-measured aerosol sample region through modulated carrier laser; designing two channel interference light paths, wherein one channel is used to detect baseline phase drift caused by gradual change of environment temperatures and platform vibration, and the other channel is used to detect the total phase change caused by excitation laser absorption of aerosol and the baseline phase drift; performing differential to obtain phase variable caused by aerosol absorption; and detecting the aerosol absorption coefficient on line on the basis of interference amplification factor calibration. The method provided by the invention can be also used for detecting the concentration of specific aerosol ingredients according to fingerprint absorption characteristics. The method provided by the invention overcomes the effect of environmental temperature change and measuring platform vibration, cancels the adjustment of phase inversion difference point, doubles the acting distance of excitation laser and detection laser and has the characteristics of convenience for operation, high detection speed, easiness for miniaturization, high detection sensitivity, and the like.

The invention discloses a deformation parameter testing test bench for a deformation wing. According to the test bench, a digital infrared distance measurement sensor is utilized for non-contact distance measurement, the displacement values of different positions of the deformation wing are measured and input into a computer, and software is utilized for interpolation to obtain a deformation curveof the test wing; a workpiece is not in contact in the measurement process, and the surface of the workpiece cannot be scratched. Driving force for driving the deformation of the wing is measured bya micro force sensor, an inflatable airbag is utilized for loading aerodynamic load on the deformation wing, feedback is given to a controller, a closed-loop adjusting system is formed to control theapplication of the aerodynamic load, the application process of the aerodynamic load is effectively simulated, and distributed loading is achieved. The test bench is simple in layout structure, shortin measurement time, convenient to operate, assemble, disassemble, detect and maintain and low in cost. By means of the test bench, the measurement time can be effectively shortened, and the measurement efficiency is improved; the test bench has good applicability to tests of small and medium deformation wings.

The invention discloses a torque measurement sensor based on the phase difference of photoelectric encoder signals. The torque measurement sensor comprises a shell; an elastic drive sleeve is mounted in the shell by use of a ball bearing; an elastic link is arranged in the middle part of the elastic drive sleeve; a photoelectric encoder sleeves each of the two ends of the elastic link, and the central angles of the two photoelectric encoders are equal; a mounting base is fixed on the top of the shell; a photoelectric sensor A and a photoelectric second B are fixed in the mounting base, and arranged in opposition to the two photoelectric encoders. The two photoelectric encoders are arranged at the two ends of the elastic link of the elastic drive sleeve and the two photoelectric sensors are used for obtaining square wave output signals when the encoders rotate, and then the measurement of the torsional deformation and torque of the elastic drive sleeve can be realized according to the phase difference of the square wave signals output by the two encoders. The torque measurement sensor based on the phase difference of the photoelectric encoder signals is used for solving the problem that the measurement accuracy of an existing torque sensor is prone to be effected by a magnetic field and an electric field; the torque measurement sensor is simple in measurement principle, high in anti-jamming capability, and capable of realizing high-dynamic and high-accuracy torque measurement of a drive mechanism.

A rotational angle sensor includes a stator element and a rotor element. The stator element has a transmitting coil and at least two receiving coils that are arranged within the transmitting coil and on a circuit board. The rotor element is mounted for rotation with respect to the stator element about an axis of rotation. The rotor element is configured to inductively couple the transmitting coil to the at least two receiving coils in such a way that the inductive coupling is dependent on a rotational angle between the stator element and the rotor element and the transmitting coil induces at least two angle-dependent alternating voltages in the at least two receiving coils. The rotor element and the at least two receiving coils are configured in such a way that an alternating voltage, the amplitude of which is sinusoidally dependent on the rotational angle, is induced in the receiving coils.

The invention discloses a non-contact torque measurement device based on a counter-magnetostrictive effect and belongs to sensor measurement technologies. According to technical key points, a measuredrotating shaft is coated with giant magnetostrictive material coating strips, the giant magnetostrictive material coating strips are divided into positive giant magnetostrictive material coating strips and negative giant magnetostrictive material coating strips; the positive giant magnetostrictive material coating strips and negative giant magnetostrictive material coating strips obliquely coat the measured rotating shaft in an axial direction at equal intervals in a bilateral symmetry manner; left and right ends of the measured rotating shaft are respectively nested into inner holes of a left bearing and a right bearing; the left bearing and the right bearing are respectively nested into the left and right ends of a shaft sleeve; an exciting coil is assembled onto the inner wall of the shaft sleeve; a left measuring coil and a right measuring coil of the same specification are assembled in parallel on the inner walls of the exciting coil in the axial direction. According to the measurement device disclosed by the invention, the torque is dynamically measured in real time at high accuracy and high precision without being in contact with a transmission shaft or changing a stress state of the transmission shaft and under rotary and dynamic operating conditions.

The invention discloses a measuring device and method for shield tunnel segment joint deformation. The device is composed of an anchoring joint, a fixed rod, a transmission rod, a follow-up rotary laser transmitter, an optical screen and other components. According to the basic principle of the device, through reasonable design and arrangement of the rod and the laser transmitter, deformation of segment joints are amplified, and the joints do not affect one another when expanded and staggered. According to the designed measuring device, expansion of the joints enables a laser optical path to turn horizontally, staggering of the joints enables the laser optical path to deflect vertically, corresponding geometric figures are formed before and after change in the laser optical path, and the expansion amount and staggering amount of the joints can be conveniently calculated through the geometric similarity relation. Compared with existing measuring means, by the adoption of the measuring device, deformation of the joints can be measured comprehensively, the measurement precision of joint deformation is greatly improved, and the problem that it is hard to measure joint deformation accurately and comprehensively in practical engineering by existing measuring means is solved.

The invention discloses a laser multi-target vertical target measuring device and measuring method. The device comprises a plurality of detecting light curtain units and a power supplying and signal processing unit. Each detecting light curtain unit is correspondingly composed of a laser, a photoelectric detecting array and a narrowband filter. The lasers and the photoelectric detecting arrays are in one-to-one correspondence and form a plurality of detecting light curtain surfaces. A plurality of narrowband filters are located at one side, close to the lasers, of the plurality of photoelectric detecting arrays. The method comprises the steps of: processing signals of projectile projection output by the plurality of photoelectric detecting arrays, recognizing the position of the projectile projection, and solving a projectile landing coordinate according to a coordinate measuring model of the measuring device. The laser multi-target vertical target measuring device and measuring method have the advantages that the coordinate measurement in the case of any number of projectiles landing simultaneously is realized without a high speed camera, the anti-interference capability is high, the measuring theory is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the application range is wide, and the device can be used both indoors and outdoors.

The present invention discloses a high-precision digital phase measurement method based on a quadrature phase demodulation technology. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) performing datasampling of signals to be measured to obtain digital signals; (2) constructing first reference signals and second signals according to the digital signals, and respectively multiplying by digital signals, performing filtering of the signals after multiplying to allow the signals to only retain difference frequency items, and dividing the two signals after filtering, performing solution of an arc tangent or arc cotangent to obtain phase values of the signals after division; and performing phase unwrapping and removal of linear drift to obtain phase data of the signals to be measured. The wholeflow arrangement, the key steps and the concrete processing process of the measurement method are improved to achieve a high-precision digital measurement method with more convenient parameter regulation and simpler implementation of the phase measurement principle and system and a corresponding system so as to effectively solve the phase measurement precision problem in the scientific research such as precision measurement.

The invention relates to a method for automatically accumulating the conveying capacity in a powdered coal conveying process, which comprises the following steps that: a powdered coal conveying tank, a feed valve and a material conveying valve are used, a weighing sensor is arranged below each supporting leg of the powdered coal conveying tank, and a signal which is generated by the weighing sensor and has certain functional relation with the weight of the tank is transmitted to a weighing control display and is then converted into a standard direct current signal of 4 to 20 mA which is transmitted to a distributed control system through a signal cable; the distributed control system configures out two recorders, and the actions of the feed valve and the material conveying valve trigger the two recorders respectively; the recorders record the tank weight value when the feeding is finished and the tank weigh value when the material conveying is finished, subtract the two tank weight values to obtain the single-time conveying capacity, and perform superposition operations through an addition arithmetic unit to finally obtain the accumulated conveying capacity of the powdered coal. The method has high metering accuracy and few interference factors, can effectively relieve the problem of zero drift of an instrument and reduce the construction investment, and has high automatic degree and less maintenance workload.

The invention provides a piezoelectric ceramic tube scanner nonlinear correcting method, able to effectively eliminate scanned picture distortion when scanning pictures by using piezoelectric ceramic tube, thus beneficial to obtain real scanned pictures of actual surface appearance of an object. Its technical project is a nonlinear correcting method for piezoelectric ceramic tube scanner, and its character: (1) adopting micrometer to measure a series of corresponding data between the stroke and driving voltage of the piezoelectric ceramic tube; (2) it fits the curve made by these data into a stroke-driving voltage relationship curve.

The invention relates to an optical fiber hot-wire type wind gage based on a tilted fiber bragg grating which uses wavelength demodulation method to achieve wind power measurement and solves problems that an ordinary optical fiber sensor is complex in structure and high in cost. The optical fiber hot-wire type wind gage based on a tilted fiber bragg grating is capable of enabling pump light source to enter a wind gage through a wavelength division multiplexer, being coupled into a cladding of a cladding mode of the tilted fiber bragg grating, heating a metallic film plated on the surface, raising temperature of the optical fiber to cause redshift of wavelength of the tilted fiber bragg grating, lowering the temperature of the optical fiber by wind to cause blueshift of wavelength of the tilted fiber bragg grating, and obtaining information related to the wind power through wavelength measurement by broadband light source and a spectrometer. The optical fiber hot-wire type wind gage based on the tilted fiber bragg grating is small in size, simple in structure, low in cost, strong in operability, and capable of being widely used in various wind monitoring fields.