The invention provides an electric service test vehicle signal dynamic detection system and method. In the electric service test vehicle operation process, track circuit information, compensation capacitor information, transponder information, traction backflow information, circuit equipment appearance state information, train speed and position information and the like are mainly acquired in realtime, the information is processed through all subsystems and then input into a detection server, and after being comprehensively processed and stored through the detection server, the information isdisplayed in real time through all terminal equipment. The system comprises the comprehensive detection subsystem, the track circuit detection subsystem, the compensation capacitor detection subsystem, the transponder detection subsystem, the traction backflow detection subsystem, the video detection subsystem, the detection server, detection terminals and the like. The system and method have thebeneficial effects that a multi-task multithread processing method is used, information such as the train-mounted track circuit transmission characteristic, a compensation capacitor and a transpondermessage is detected in the electric service test vehicle operation process, and through comprehensive analysis, the equipment application quality is counted, and the level is estimated.