78 results about "Critical range" patented technology

A variety of techniques may be employed, alone or in combination, to enhance contact between a processed substrate and applied megasonic energy. In accordance with one embodiment of the new invention, the vibration plate is brought into intimate contact with one surface of the substrate, while cleaning or processing fluid contacts the other. In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a reflecting surface may be provided to cause emanated energy to be reflected back into the near field and make it more uniform. In accordance with another alternative embodiment of the present invention, energy may be transferred across a substrate bounded on both sides by liquid with incidence of megasonic energy that is either normal to the substrate surface or within a critical range of incident angles. In yet another embodiment, generated dilatational waves may be converted to surface waves prior to contacting the substrate.

A method is provided for close control and adjustment of in-cylinder oxygen concentration levels together with boost adjustments to minimize harmful emissions during transients in engines which utilize late direct cylinder injection of fuel. EGR flow rates are adjusted in a closed loop, linked fashion together with boost pressure changes during transients, to maintain intake charge-air oxygen concentration and boost levels within critical ranges for controlled temperature, low emission combustion. Changes in fuel feed into the cylinder are made to wait for or follow changes in the boost level of charge-air into the cylinder for combustion. Temporary fuel levels are not allowed to exceed desired fuel/oxygen ratios during transients, by controlling fuel feed responsive to the level of boost of charge-air being taken into the cylinder for combustion.

The invention provides a method and device for inhibit AEC jumping and terminal equipment. The method comprises the steps that the current zoom multiple of a camera device is acquired; whether or not the current zoom multiple is in a preset critical range is judged, wherein the critical range comprises the first zoom multiple and the second zoom multiple, and the second zoom multiple is the zoom multiple obtained when a wide-angle lens and a telephoto lens are switched; and if the current zoom multiple is in the critical range, another lens is opened on the basis that one lens is in an opened state, and an AEC value of another lens is converged to be in a stable state in advance. According to the method, due to the fact that the to-be-switched lens can be converged to be in the stable state in advance, the condition that the AEC brightness jumping problem is generated during lens switching is effectively avoided, and the shooting effect and the user experience are improved.

The invention relates to a method and device used for monitoring refrigerant charge in a refrigerant loop (46) of a refrigeration system; the refrigeration system (10) comprises a compressor (12), a condenser or a gas cooler (14), an expansion device (16) and an evaporator device (18); when the compressor (12) is closed, the method comprises the following steps: measuring at least one temperature, and measuring refrigerant pressure in the refrigeration system; if the measured pressure is out of a nominal pressure scope, determining the refrigerant charge error, when the refrigerant is not enough, the refrigerant nominal pressure is determined according to the measured temperature, and the nominal pressure scope comprises the pressure value having the most regulated deviation from the nominal pressure; when the compressor is opened, the method comprises the following steps: measuring at least one temperature; measuring refrigerant pressure in the exit of the condenser or gas cooler; if the measured pressure is out of the nominal pressure scope, building the refrigerant charge error, especially the refrigerant is not enough, wherein the refrigerant nominal pressure is determined according to the measured temperature, and the nominal pressure scope comprises the pressure value and the pressure value having the most regulated deviation from the nominal pressure; the device also comprises a container (22) used for storing refrigerant; the refrigerant is specially CO2; the device runs in a cross critical range according to work points; at least one refrigerant temperature sensor (32) and at least one refrigerant pressure sensor (34) are provided so as to measure the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant; the refrigerant temperature and pressure can be evaluated in the mode in a control unit (30), so the refrigerant charge error can be detected if the insufficiency is detected, the control unit can control medium on the refrigerant loop (46) so as to start filling.

This invention relates to a method to induce growth of carbon nanotubes using a liquid phased-hydrocarbon based material under a critical range of equilibrating between liquid and gas phases, thereby easily manipulating a required carbon source. This invention also relates to a method to facilitate easy generation of a carbon backbone of the carbon nanotube because the reaction is performed in the presence of a metal nanoparticle or a metal compound capable of spontaneously generating a seed catalyst which stimulates the growth of carbon nanotubes as well as secures safety enough for the industrial application by using a mild reaction condition within the critical range. Accordingly, this invention can produce the carbon nanotube with high transition efficiency under a mild condition with a relatively lower temperature and pressure than those in conventional gas phased-methods without using a costly equipment, thereby cost-effectively producing the carbon nanotube in large quantities.

Basically, the present invention is directed to a new and improved system for the therapeutic use of currents which includes conducting direct electrical current through the skin of a body being treated, and periodically reversing the electrical current and conducting the current through the skin in the opposite direction, to effectively deliver very low frequency AC current, substantially in the critical range of approximately 0.0027 Hz to 20 Hz. It has been discovered that, within this substantially critical frequency window between approximately six minutes per full cycle and approximately ten cycles per second, a dramatic cancellation of skin damaging ions takes place. At frequencies higher than approximately 20 Hz, the effect is to diminish its DC-like blood stimulation. At frequencies lower than approximately 0.0027 Hz, the risk of skin injury increases substantially. It is well known that the positive electrode unfortunately produces skin damaging hydrochloric acid. Likewise, the negative electrode unfortunately also produces skin damaging sodium hydroxide. However, within the aforementioned frequency range of the present invention, either polarity stimulates blood circulation, but also cancels the undesired skin damaging ions with the reverse portion of the electrical cycle. The reason for neutralization of the harsh injury producing chemicals, i.e., hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, is that both of these chemicals require a finite period of time on the skin to cause damage. Hence, these damaging chemicals are made to cancel each other before damage takes place, by critical frequency selection, in accordance with the invention, of the AC driving signal. Therefore, optimization of a long sought electrotherapeutic device with reduced side effects has been achieved. Another use of the safe AC currents cited above and/or a DC signal with charged membranes preventing injury is its application to wound healing. The conductive electrodes for these devices may take either of two forms, i.e., one may be non-metallic carbon-filled silicone or, preferably of powdered carbon particles. A second form may be a metallic electrode preferably of aluminum, copper, zinc and/or magnesium as examples of metallic electrodes but not necessarily limited to these metals. These metals are preferably in powdered form and contained within a porous membrane with a small opening to attach a conductive lead to a battery source. Still other applications of the innovative use in electrotherapy of charged membranes and/or powdered metal electrodes is its use for drug delivery and diagnostic purposes. For instance, a membrane enclosed stainless steel powdered negative electrode may be used in the pickup probe for glucose detection. Charged membranes would surround the probe as an intervenor between skin and the electrode.

The invention discloses a preheating-free fast welding method for X90 high-strength pipeline steel. According to the welding characteristics of circumferential weld joints in high-strength pipeline steel manufacturing, Ar+CO2 mixed gas shielded welding is conducted on welding joints in the pipeline steel by adopting 800MPa high-strength high-toughness solid welding wires, and double-wire fast submerged-arc automatic welding is conducted on welding joints outside the pipeline steel by matching 800MPa high-strength high-toughness welding wires with CaO-CaF2-Al2O3 series alkali sintered flux. For achieving double-wire fast submerged-arc welding of the X90 pipeline steel, the high-strength and high-toughness welding wires are adopted and are matched with the alkali sintered flux. The welding speed and the welding current are strictly matched with the critical range of the arc voltage. By means of the method, X90 pipeline steel can be welded fast under the condition of no preheating, the whole welding connector has high ductility and toughness reserve, welding cracks cannot be generated, and high welding production efficiency can be achieved. The fast submerged-arc welding method for X90 pipeline steel manufacturing has the advantages of being low in production cost, easy and convenient to operate and strong in applicability and has good application prospect.

Provided are a method of creating a mask layout image from a target image, a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for executing the method, and an imaging system. The method includes reading all or a part of a target image to be transcribed on a substrate; defining a mask data set including a plurality of pixels having a predetermined transmittance characteristic; defining a weighting function having a non-zero value within a critical range; defining a convolution kernel determined by an illumination meter; and creating the mask layout image that minimizes an image fitting function by using the weighting function and the convolution kernel.

Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for determining whether or not a biosensor comprising two working electrodes and one reference electrode is well manufactured, and for rapidly and accurately quantifying a specific substance contained in a biological sample. The method comprises the steps of: sequentially supplying the respective working electrodes with power supply voltage; sequentially detecting the amounts of current flowing in the respective working electrodes by virtue of the supplied power supply voltage; re-supplying the two working electrodes with power supply voltage after a predetermined time to redetect the amounts of current flowing in the respective working electrodes; reading concentrations corresponding to the amounts of current detected from a memory, and calculating an average value from the read concentrations; and checking whether or not the concentrations read from memory are within a predetermined critical range to display an error message or the calculated average value.

Instruments or gauges arranged to provide feedback detectable by the peripheral vision of a driver when vehicle operating parameters, such as engine speed, temperature, pressure, and voltage, are in a critical range, include one or more of the following types of instruments or gauges and/or features: (a) a tachometer that not only includes a primary numeric display, but also a secondary display made up of a plurality of discrete lights of different colors, the colors indicating whether the engine speed of a vehicle is within a relatively narrow range of engine speeds acceptable for the roadway leading from a race track to service areas, known as “pit road,” the high and low limits of the range being adjustable to meet pit road requirements at different tracks; (b) an instrument or gauge having a background that illuminates to indicate critical sensor readings; (c) an instrument or gauge having improved handling of sensor abnormalities to prevent false readings; (d) a non-linear analog gauge for a motor vehicle having a higher resolution in a particular range of interest, and a lower resolution outside that range; and (e) a boost pressure gauge that facilitates entry of gear information for use in traction control. The instruments or gauges of the invention are suitable for use in racing vehicles that meet standards established by NASCAR.

A voltage generator includes a first voltage booster and a second voltage booster. The first voltage booster boosts an input voltage to generate a first boosted voltage applied to a load. The second voltage booster generates a second boosted voltage applied to the load when the first boosted voltage is out of a critical range. The second boosted voltage is generated by the voltage generator when the first boosted voltage is applied to the load. Therefore, the second boosted voltage may compensate for an instability of first boosted voltage.

A duty correction circuit includes a duty ratio control unit suitable for generating an output clock by adjusting the duty ratio of an input clock, a code generation unit suitable for detecting a duty of the output clock and generating a first duty ratio control code based on the detection result, and a code filter unit suitable for providing the duty ratio control unit with a second duty ratio control code corresponding to a target value when a value of the first duty ratio control code is within a predetermined critical range adjacent to the target value.

A method for monitoring the alertness of the driver of a vehicle, includes continuously detecting and evaluating at least one physical parameter of the driver while the vehicle is in motion, and transmitting a periodic audio signal with a predetermined frequency into a vehicle interior within a predetermined time period if the evaluated physical parameter is in a critical range, whereby the critical range indicates an appropriate level of fatigue of the driver. An apparatus for monitoring the alertness includes a monitoring unit with a sensor unit, which detects at least one physical parameter of the driver, and an evaluation unit, which evaluates the detected physical parameter while the vehicle is in motion. The evaluation unit is coupled to an audio device, which transmits a periodic audio signal into a vehicle interior within a predetermined time if the evaluated physical parameter is in a critical range.

A system for visibility enhancement comprises a first sensor means comprising a camera adapted to record at least one image. A second sensor means is adapted to generate at least one position profile of at least one object located within a critical range of the first sensor means. An image processing means is adapted to receive a first input signal from the first sensor means containing the at least one image and a second input signal from the second sensor means containing the at least one position profile of the at least one object located within the critical range. The image processing means further manipulates the at least one image to generate a manipulated image by altering the contrast of that part of the image that shows the at least one object located within the critical range. A corresponding method of visibility enhancement is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a switchgear (1) which comprises a control unit (2), a supply connection (7) and a first current path (15), the first current path (15) comprising a first electromechanical switch (11) and, connected in series to the first switch (11), a parallel connection of a second electromechanical switch (13) to a semiconductor switch (12). In order to make a switchgear (1) available which allows an increased number of switching operations, the switchgear (1) comprises an energy accumulator (6) and a measuring device (8), the control unit (2) being capable of monitoring, by means of the measuring device (8), the energy supply coming in through the supply connection (7). The control unit (2) is designed such that, if the energy supply coming in through the supply connection (7) reaches a critical range, it controls the output of the switching signals by means of the energy of the energy accumulator (6) such that: in a first step, the semiconductor switch (12) is switched to be electrically conducting and the second switch (13) is then opened, and in a second step following the first step, the semiconductor switch (12) is switched to be electrically non-conducting and the second switch (11) is then opened.

The invention discloses a long-distance guiding method for the paradrop of cargo by a transport plane, which comprises the following steps of: computing a distance difference and a time difference according to an original total flying distance and time and a desired total flying distance and time; firstly regulating the distance at each constant-speed stage to eliminate the time difference, updating a state initial value after regulating the distance at each constant-speed stage; then regulating the time at each constant-speed stage to eliminate the distance difference, and updating a state initial value after regulating the time at each constant-speed stage; ending the steps when achieving an regulating target; and when the time difference or the distance difference required to eliminateis over a critical range and the regulating target cannot be achieved, ending the method. The long-distance guiding method can adapt to a condition that the distance difference and the time difference are in coexistence so that the desired total flying time and the desired total flying distance can be achieved simultaneously.

The invention discloses a laser point cloud data high-precision labeling method and system, a server and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: firstly obtaining a laser point cloud set, carrying out the projection of laser point clouds in a positive angle direction, and obtaining a plane projection view; drawing a rectangular frame for any target object in the plane projection view, extracting a projection point cloud set of the laser point cloud in a coordinate range of the rectangular frame, obtaining extreme values of plane coordinates of points in the projection point cloudset in four directions of the rectangular frame, and assigning the extreme values to coordinates of the rectangular frame; and finally, obtaining a coordinate extreme value of the projection point cloud set in a third direction, combining the coordinate extreme value with the coordinate of the rectangular frame to obtain three-dimensional labeling information of the target object laser point cloud, and generating a three-dimensional labeling frame of the target object. According to the method, the 3D labeling scene is converted into the 2D scene, and the coordinate extreme value is adopted toperform frame selection labeling on the critical range of the target object, so that the accuracy of labeling data is greatly improved, the labeling process is simplified, and a large amount of timeis saved.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a seat which is equipped with:

• • at least one controllable actuator (20) for moving two portions (16, 18) of the seat relative to each other;
  • a controllable lock (26) for positive mechanical locking of the movement of the two portions of the seat, the lock (26) being able to be displaced between an engaged position opposite a complementary stop (30) and a disengaged position remote from the stop (30).

It comprises, in the event of an order for modification of a command for the actuator (20), steps for:

• • verifying whether the two portions (16, 18) are in a critical range (I) of relative positioning, and
  • as long as the two portions (16, 18) are in the critical range (I), applying to the actuator (20) a command which is different from the modified command.

The invention relates to a method for recovering organic fibers from a composite material comprising a polymer matrix and organic fibers, wherein the method comprises the following steps: providing a solution comprising a mixture of water and alcohol; placing the composite material inside a reactor; contacting the mixture and the composite material in order to perform a solvolysis reaction of the composite material; and recovering the organic fibers; wherein the pressure and the temperature in the reactor are adjusted such as to fall within the homogeneous sub-critical range of the phase diagram, within the super-critical range or near the critical point; and wherein the temperature is lower than the melting temperature of the organic fibers.