The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating insomnia, prepared from acanthopanax root tea as a guiding drug and an active drug part; the guiding drug part is prepared from the following component in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of acanthopanax root; the active drug part is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of ginseng, 5-8 parts of caterpillar fungus, 8-12 parts of safflower, 5-8 parts of radix notoginseng, 6.5-7.5 parts of colla corii asini, 12-15 parts of medlar, 8-12 parts of the root of red-rooted salvia, 25-30 parts of rhizoma gastrodiae, 3.5-4.5 parts of polygala root, 1.5-2.5 parts of radix gentianae, 20-25 parts of hawthorn fruit, 6-8 parts of folium perillae, 5.5-7 parts of melatonin, and 5.5-7 parts of vitamin B6. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating insomnia realizes sovereign, minister, assistant and courier in matching, is taken with tea infusion, and abides by a principle that the guiding drug opens main and collateral channels, and a main drug eliminates an incompletely cured illness; clinical verifications in General Hospital of PLA (301 hospital) and the like show that the medicine is taken with the tea infusion, is potent in medicine effect, avoids recurrence after being used, and has no toxic and side effects; for neurasthenia, hard sleep, light sleep, dreaminess and palpitation, surmise, annoyance, dizziness, spirit tiredness, hypomnesis and the like, caused by primary insomnia and secondary insomnia, the cure rate is 70-80%, and the effective rate is 100%.