The present invention describes clinically and medically important methods of examining, screening over time, and monitoring the outcome of a
cancer patient who is undergoing treatment or therapy for his or
her disease. More specifically, the invention provides a method of monitoring the progression of
disease, or the effectiveness of
cancer treatment, in a
cancer patient by measuring the levels of one or more analytes of the
plasminogen activator (uPA)
system, namely, uPA, PAI-1 and the complex of uPA:PAI-1, in a sample taken from the cancer patient, preferably, before treatment, at the start of treatment, and at various time intervals during treatment. As a result of performing the method, an increase or elevation in the levels of one or more of the PA
system analytes in the cancer patient compared with the levels one or more of the respective PA
system analytes in
normal control individuals serves as an indicator of cancer advancement or progression and / or a lack of treatment effectiveness for the patient.