The invention provides an automatic cleaning deduster with a butterfly-shaped crawler belt, comprising a decelerator 1, a cabinet 2, a base 3, a cindervalve 4, a dust barrel 5, an air-supply pipe 6, an electric cabinet 7 and an air discharging pipe 8. As shown in views, the upper part is the cabinet, and the lower is the base. The decelerator is arranged on the top of the cabinet for driving transmission shafts in the cabinet, filtration cloth is sleeved on a plurality of transmission shafts to form the butterfly-shaped crawler belt; a separator plate with an opening in the medium is arranged in the cabinet, and divides the cabinet into an air inlet chamber and an outlet chamber; a fixed row brush is installed at a proper position in the lower of the cabinet; and the electric cabinet is installed out of the cabinet. The base is used for supporting the cabinet, and also for fixing a dust bucket under the cabinet, and the lower of the dust bucket is connected with the cindervalve and the dust barrel. The deduster is a novel duster used in an industrial dedusting flow, and has advantages of large treatment wind amount, high dedusting efficiency, small resistance, long using period (one to more years), and maintenance-free, and can continuously and stably run in a normal resistance range.