The invention relates to an asymmetrical hairpin probe and an application thereof, and belongs to the biological detection field. The asymmetrical hairpin probe consists of a target
nucleotide distinguished sequence and a
palindromic sequence; under the condition of no target sequence, the asymmetrical hairpin probe is under the metastable hairpin structure; once a target sequence to be detected is added, chain-type
polymerization reaction free from the participation of
enzyme is triggered; the target
nucleic acid distinguished sequence part of the asymmetrical hairpin probe is combined with a corresponding target
nucleic acid locus; rest probes are pairwise renatured into parts of double-chain probe of which the two ends are both provided with the
palindromic sequence; and during
molecular recognition hybridization, a detection
signal is substantially enhanced so as to quickly detect the target sequence to be detected. According to the
chain reaction technology of the asymmetrical hairpin probe, the high specificity of
molecular hybridization and high efficiency of
chain type polymerization are artfully combined, and free energy released by
DNA (
deoxyribose nucleic acid)
polymerization is used for driving molecular
cascade amplification. The asymmetrical hairpin probe has the advantages of simple
reaction system and high detection efficiency, and the laboratory
pollution problem existing in the traditional technology, such as PCR (
polymerase chain reaction) and the like, can be effectively avoided.