31 results about "Raman band" patented technology

A new method is disclosed for large-scale production of pristine few-layer graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) through unzipping of mildly gas-phase oxidized, and, optionally, metal-assisted oxidized, multiwalled and few-walled carbon nanotubes. The method further comprises sonication in an organic solvent. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed nearly atomically smooth edges for narrow GNRs (2-30 nm). The GNRs exhibit ultra-high quality with low ratios of disorder (D) to graphitic (G) Raman bands (ID / IG). Further electrical transport through the valence-band of the GNRs exhibits metallic behavior with little disorder effect. At low temperatures, the GNRs exhibit high conductance and phase coherent electron transport through entire lengths. Sub 10 nm GNRs exhibit high on / off electrical switching useful for field effect transistors may also be prepared according to the present methods. The high yield synthesis of pristine GNRs enables facile fabrication of GNR devices, making these materials easily accessible for a wide range of fundamental and practical applications.

Apparatus for performing Raman analysis may include a laser source module, a beam delivery and signal collection module, a spectrum analysis module, and a digital signal processing module. The laser source module delivers a laser beam to the beam delivery and signal collection module. The beam delivery and signal collection module delivers the laser source beam to a sample, collects Raman scattered light scattered from the sample, and delivers the collected Raman scattered light to the spectrum analysis module. The spectrum analysis module demultiplexes the Raman scattered light into discrete Raman bands of interest, detects the presence of signal energy in each of the Raman bands, and produces a digital signal that is representative of the signal energy present in each of the Raman bands. The digital signal processing module is adapted to perform a Raman analysis of the sample.

The invention provides a method for suppressing stimulated Raman scattering by a fiber laser oscillator, wherein the chirped tilted fiber grating is connected into a fiber laser oscillator cavity, andhigh loss of the chirped tilted fiber grating in a Raman band is utilized to suppress the stimulated Raman scattering. The invention utilizes the high loss of the chirped tilted fiber grating in theRaman band, it can suppress the Raman light in the front and back direction of the fiber laser oscillator, Especially for the suppression of backward Raman light, the risk caused by high power backward Raman light to the system is greatly reduced, so that the stimulated Raman scattering phenomenon can be observed in the output of the fiber laser oscillator at a higher power level, and the upper limit of the power output of the fiber laser oscillator is greatly increased.

Apparatus for performing Raman spectroscopy may include a first laser source having a first emission wavelength and a second laser source having a second emission wavelength. A separation between the first and second emission wavelengths may correspond to a width of a Raman band of a substance of interest. An optical switch may provide switching between the first and second laser sources. An ensemble of individually addressable laser emitters may be provided. A Bragg grating element may receive laser light from the ensemble. An optical system may direct light from the Bragg grating element into an optical fiber. A combined beam through the optical fiber may contain light from each of the emitters.

Apparatus for performing Raman spectroscopy may include a first laser source having a first emission wavelength and a second laser source having a second emission wavelength. A separation between the first and second emission wavelengths may correspond to a width of a Raman band of a substance of interest. An optical switch may provide switching between the first and second laser sources. An ensemble of individually addressable laser emitters may be provided. A Bragg grating element may receive laser light from the ensemble. An optical system may direct light from the Bragg grating element into an optical fiber. A combined beam through the optical fiber may contain light from each of the emitters.

A crystallinity evaluation method of evaluating crystallinity of a semiconductor film formed above a substrate includes following steps. First, a peak waveform of a Raman band in a Raman spectrum of the semiconductor film is obtained using Raman spectrometry. The Raman band corresponds to a phonon mode unique to the semiconductor film. The peak waveform is a wavelength range having a peak of the Raman band. Next, a first waveform is generated by fitting the obtained peak waveform by Gauss function. Then, a peak value of the first waveform is extracted. Then, a second waveform is generated by fitting the obtained peak waveform by Lorenz function based on the extracted peak value. Then, a peak value, a FWHM, and / or a wavelength indicating the peak value regarding the generated second waveform are obtained. Then, crystallinity of the semiconductor film is evaluated based on the obtained information.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing auto-fluorescence signals from a sample tissue in confocal Raman microscopy and to a method for diagnosing skin cancers using the same method. Raman spectroscopy has strong potential for providing non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer. Auto-fluorescence signals from tissues, which interfere with the Raman signals, were greatly reduced using a confocal slit adjustment. Distinct Raman band differences between normal and BCC tissues for the amide I mode, the amide III mode and the PO2− symmetric stretching mode, showed that the present invention has strong potential for use as a dermatological diagnostic tool without the need for statistical treatment of spectral data. It was also possible to precisely differentiate BCC tissue from surrounding non-cancerous tissue using the confocal Raman depth profiling technique. According to the present invention, confocal Raman microscopy can provide a novel method for dermatological diagnosis since direct observations of spectral differences between normal and BCC tissues are possible.

Apparatus for performing Raman analysis may include a laser source module, a beam delivery and signal collection module, a spectrum analysis module, and a digital signal processing module. The laser source module delivers a laser beam to the beam delivery and signal collection module. The beam delivery and signal collection module delivers the laser source beam to a sample, collects Raman scattered light scattered from the sample, and delivers the collected Raman scattered light to the spectrum analysis module. The spectrum analysis module demultiplexes the Raman scattered light into discrete Raman bands of interest, detects the presence of signal energy in each of the Raman bands, and produces a digital signal that is representative of the signal energy present in each of the Raman bands. The digital signal processing module is adapted to perform a Raman analysis of the sample.

A system and method for Raman spectral analysis for diagnostic purposes to identify the disease state of biological tissue. The sampled tissue can be any human or animal tissue, including but not limited to prostate, breast, cervical tissue, etc. Raman spectroscopy is used to provide Raman bands which are decomposed and their chemical fingerprints identified after mathematical modeling. The method enables identification of chemical compounds in the tissue being diagnosed. Comparison with reference samples permits inferences concerning the presence or absence of disease, the stage of disease, and / or the response of disease to treatment. The method provides sufficient information about the chemical composition of the tissue to differentiate between normal and abnormal states, and may also reveal the locations of abnormalities. The method may also be used to monitor the treatment of a subject and / or the response of disease to drugs or other treatments.

Provided are a laminated metal sheet for containers that has excellent formability after heat treatment performed after coating, printing, etc. and is suitable for DR cans, a method for producing a metal can using the above metal sheet and a method for evaluating the formability of a metal sheet. The crystal structure of a top layer of a laminate layer of the laminated metal sheet for containers and the crystal structure inside the laminate layer are controlled in a sophisticated manner. Specifically, the intensity ratio I2968 / I3085 of the Raman band intensity (I2968) at a peak position around 2,968 cm−1 to the Raman band intensity (I3085) at a peak position around 3,085 cm−1 that are obtained by laser Raman spectroscopy is used. This intensity ratio is controlled within a specific range.

Provided is a resin-coated metal sheet for containers having a resin layer (A) on a side of the metal sheet, the side being a side that will serve as a container inner surface when the metal sheet is formed into a container. The resin layer (A) has a polyester-based multilayer structure. The resin layer (A) contains 85 mol % or more of terephthalic acid. The resin layer (A) includes at least two layers, and an uppermost resin layer (a1), which is to be in contact with contends, contains 0.10 to 2.0 mass % of a wax compound with respect to the uppermost resin layer (a1). The maximum value of the Raman band intensity ratio (I1720 / I1615) when measured for the cross section of the uppermost resin layer (a1) by using a laser polarization plane parallel to the surface of the resin layer (a1) is in the range of 0.45 or more and 0.80 or less. The uppermost resin layer (a1) has a thickness of 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The resin layer (A) excluding the uppermost resin layer (a1) has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

Methods and systems for detecting a particle defect on a wafer surface, transforming the particle to a spectroscopically active state, and identifying a material composition of the activated particle by a spectroscopic technique are described herein. Particle defects are transformed by chemical treatment, thermal treatment, photochemical treatment, or a combination thereof, such that an activated particle exhibits atomic vibrational bands that can be observed spectroscopically. In one embodiment, a surface inspection system detects the presence of a particle defect on a wafer surface, activates observable Raman bands in one or more of the detected particles, and identifies the material composition of the activated particle by a spectroscopic technique. By performing both defect detection and composition analysis on the same inspection tool, it is not necessary to transfer a wafer to a different review tool, or combination of tools, to perform composition analysis of particle defects deposited on semiconductor wafers.

Pitch-based graphitized short fibers formed from mesophase pitch as a raw material, having an average fiber diameter of 5 to 20 μm, a percentage (CV value) of a variance of a fiber diameter with respect to the average fiber diameter of 8 to 15%, a number average fiber length of 20 to 500 μm, and a crystallite size (La) derived from a growth direction of a hexagonal net plane of 30 nm or more, having graphene sheets that are closed upon observation of an end surface of a filler with a transmission electron microscope, and a substantially flat surface observed with a scanning electron microscope, and having an R value, which is a relative intensity ratio (ID / IG) of an intensity (ID) of a Raman band in the vicinity of 1,360 cm−1 to an intensity (IG) of a Raman band in the vicinity of 1,580 cm−1 measured by laser Raman spectroscopy, in a range of 0.01 to 0.07. The short fibers can be filled in a rubber composition at a high density without inhibition of curing of the rubber composition.

The invention relates to a device comprising a laser system (13) for generating a plurality of laser bands. The frequency of each of the bands is consistent and equal to an energetic transition between a hyperfine level (Fl, F2) of a fundamental state (52Si / 2) and a hyperfine level (F'2,F'3) of an excited state (52P3 / 2) of the plurality of atoms, wherein the laser system (13) comprises a first laser source (23) which is stabilized in frequency and emits a first band (30), and a second laser source (24) which is connected in phase with the first laser source (23) and emits a repumping band (37); the first laser source (23) and the second laser source (24) are coupled with a device (29) for generating secondary bands; and the device (29) for generating the secondary bands is capable of generating a detection band (31), a band for producing a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (32), a thrust band (33) and a reference band (36). The laser system (13) also comprises a device (39) for generating Raman bands. The device (39) for generating the Raman bands is capable of producing two exiting superimposed Raman interferometric bands (41) from the reference band (36). The device for generating the Raman bands (39) is associated with a device (40) for generating cooling bands. The device (40) for generating the cooling bands is additionally coupled with the repumping band (37) and is capable of generating three bands (53) for obtaining the magneto-optical trap.

A crystallinity evaluation method of evaluating crystallinity of a semiconductor film formed above a substrate includes following steps. First, a peak waveform of a Raman band in a Raman spectrum of the semiconductor film is obtained using Raman spectrometry. The Raman band corresponds to a phonon mode unique to the semiconductor film. The peak waveform is a wavelength range having a peak of the Raman band. Next, a first waveform is generated by fitting the obtained peak waveform by Gauss function. Then, a peak value of the first waveform is extracted. Then, a second waveform is generated by fitting the obtained peak waveform by Lorenz function based on the extracted peak value. Then, a peak value, a FWHM, and / or a wavelength indicating the peak value regarding the generated second waveform are obtained. Then, crystallinity of the semiconductor film is evaluated based on the obtained information.

A resin-coated metal sheet for a can lid is configured by: heat sealing a thermoplastic resin film A on a surface to be the exterior surface side of a can lid made of a metal sheet (1), the thermoplastic resin film A principally containing PBT and PET; and heat sealing a thermoplastic resin film B on a surface to be the interior surface side of the can lid, the thermoplastic resin film B principally containing PBT. In the thermoplastic resin film A, the PBT / PET composition ratio is (40 / 60)-(80 / 20) in terms of percentage by weight, and the ratio of the Raman band intensity (I0) at 1615+ / -10 cm-1 in the horizontal plane of polarization with respect to the surface and the Raman band intensity I90 at 1615+ / -10 cm-1 in the vertical plane of polarization with respect to the surface is 0.60 or higher. The thermoplastic resin film (B) has a PET content of 95% (molar) or more. The melting point resulting from the PET in the thermoplastic resin film B is 250 to 265 degrees centigrade and is at least 25 degrees centigrade higher than the melting point resulting from the PBT in the thermoplastic resin film A. The half-value width of the Raman band at 1730+ / -10 cm-1 in the horizontal plane with regard to the surface is 15-20 cm-1.

Provided is a laminated metal sheet for container, having outstanding moldability after having been subjected to heat-treatment such as painting or printing, and being suitable for use in DR cans. Also provided are a method for producing metal can using said metal sheet, and a method for evaluating metal sheet moldability. The crystalline structure of the surface layer of the laminate layer of the laminated metal sheet for container and the crystalline structure inside the laminate layer are controlled to a high degree. More specifically, using the intensity ratio (l2968 / I3085) of Raman band intensity (l3085) at a peak top position in the vicinity of 3085cm-1 and the Raman band intensity (I2968) at a peak top position in the vicinity of 2968cm-1 obtained by laser Raman spectroscopy, this intensity ratio is controlled to a specific range.

Methods and systems for detecting a particle defect on a wafer surface, transforming the particle to a spectroscopically active state, and identifying a material composition of the activated particle by a spectroscopic technique are described herein. Particle defects are transformed by chemical treatment, thermal treatment, photochemical treatment, or a combination thereof, such that an activated particle exhibits atomic vibrational bands that can be observed spectroscopically. In one embodiment, a surface inspection system detects the presence of a particle defect on a wafer surface, activates observable Raman bands in one or more of the detected particles, and identifies the material composition of the activated particle by a spectroscopic technique. By performing both defect detection and composition analysis on the same inspection tool, it is not necessary to transfer a wafer to a different review tool, or combination of tools, to perform composition analysis of particle defects deposited on semiconductor wafers.

An apparatus for estimating a skin barrier function or transepidermal water loss of an object may include a spectrum acquisition assembly configured to obtain a Raman spectrum of the object, and a processor configured to extract one or more Type-1 Raman band spectra related to lipids from the obtained Rama spectrum; extract one or more Type-2 Raman band spectra related to lipids and proteins from the obtained Raman spectrum; extract respective features of each of the extracted one or more Type-1 Raman band spectra and the extracted one or more Type-2 Raman band spectra; and estimate the skin barrier function or the transepidermal rater loss of the object based on the extracted features.

In the preparation of zolmitriptan of formula III the reduction of the diazonium salt to (5)-4-(4-hydrazinobenzyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one of formula IV is performed in a more concentrated mixture and by the effect on an alkali metal disulphite, preferably sodium disulphite. A zolmitriptan toluene solvate, characterized by a toluene content of 9 to 14% by weight according to the gas chromatography determination and by a maximum of the corresponding mass loss at temperatures of about 111° C. in the gravimetric analysis record. A zolmitriptan toluene solvate, showing strong Raman bands at the wave numbers of 1443 and 1354 cm−1, characteristic for the crystal lattice of zolmitriptan with built-in toluene, and further marked bands at 1004 and 786 cm−1, characteristic for toluene.

Provided is a resin-coated metal sheet for containers having a resin layer (A) on a side of the metal sheet, the side being a side that will serve as a container inner surface when the metal sheet is formed into a container. The resin layer (A) has a polyester-based multilayer structure. The resin layer (A) contains 85 mol % or more of terephthalic acid. The resin layer (A) includes at least two layers, and an uppermost resin layer (a1), which is to be in contact with contends, contains 0.10 to 2.0 mass % of a wax compound with respect to the uppermost resin layer (a1). The maximum value of the Raman band intensity ratio (I1720 / I1615) when measured for the cross section of the uppermost resin layer (a1) by using a laser polarization plane parallel to the surface of the resin layer (a1) is in the range of 0.45 or more and 0.80 or less. The uppermost resin layer (a1) has a thickness of 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The resin layer (A) excluding the uppermost resin layer (a1) has a thickness of 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

The capabilities of using gold nanoparticle as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to obtain cervical smear harvested cells biochemical information for non-invasive cervical precancerous detection were presented in this patent document. A SERS reagent and a platform has been developed and optimized for the generation of a differential spectral fingerprinting for cervical cancer detection. SERS measurements were performed on three group's cervical exfoliated cell samples: one group from patients (n=36) with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer and another group with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n=41) and the last group from healthy volunteers (control subjects, n=47). Tentative assignments of the Raman bands in the measured SERS spectra suggested interesting cancer specific biomolecular changes, including an increase in the relative amounts of amino acids, nucleic acid, carotenoid contents in the cell samples of cervical cancer patients as compared to that of healthy subjects. The results from this study demonstrated that gold nanoparticle based SERS substrate harvested exfoliated cervical smear cell analysis has tremendous potential for the non-invasive detection of cervical precancerous lesions.

A resin-coated metal sheet for containers that has excellent content releasability is provided. The resin-coated metal sheet includes a resin layer (A) and a resin layer (B). The resin layer (A) has a multilayer structure and is disposed on a side which, after the metal sheet is formed into a container, becomes the inner side of the container. The resin layer (B) is disposed on a side that becomes the outer side of the container. The resin layer (A) contains polyester as a main component and includes an uppermost resin layer (a1). A Raman band intensity ratio (I2968 / I3085) on the surface of the resin layer (a1) is 0.6 to 0.9. The resin layer (B) includes polyester (I) composed mainly of polyethylene terephthalate and a polyester (II) composed mainly of polybutylene terephthalate. A Raman band intensity ratio on the surface of the resin layer (B) is 0.8 to 1.0.

The capabilities of using gold nanoparticle as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to obtain cervical smear harvested cells biochemical information for non-invasive cervical precancerous detection were presented in this patent document. A SERS reagent and a platform has been developed and optimized for the generation of a differential spectral fingerprinting for cervical cancer detection. SERS measurements were performed on three group's cervical exfoliated cell samples: one group from patients (n=36) with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer and another group with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n=41) and the last group from healthy volunteers (control subjects, n=47). Tentative assignments of the Raman bands in the measured SERS spectra suggested interesting cancer specific biomolecular changes, including an increase in the relative amounts of amino acids, nucleic acid, carotenoid contents in the cell samples of cervical cancer patients as compared to that of healthy subjects. The results from this study demonstrated that gold nanoparticle based SERS substrate harvested exfoliated cervical smear cell analysis has tremendous potential for the non-invasive detection of cervical precancerous lesions.

The invention provides a method for suppressing stimulated Raman scattering by a fiber laser oscillator, wherein the chirped tilted fiber grating is connected into a fiber laser oscillator cavity, andhigh loss of the chirped tilted fiber grating in a Raman band is utilized to suppress the stimulated Raman scattering. The invention utilizes the high loss of the chirped tilted fiber grating in theRaman band, it can suppress the Raman light in the front and back direction of the fiber laser oscillator, Especially for the suppression of backward Raman light, the risk caused by high power backward Raman light to the system is greatly reduced, so that the stimulated Raman scattering phenomenon can be observed in the output of the fiber laser oscillator at a higher power level, and the upper limit of the power output of the fiber laser oscillator is greatly increased.

In the preparation of zolmitriptan of formula III the reduction of the diazonium salt to (5)-4-(4-hydrazinobenzyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one of formula IV is performed in a more concentrated mixture and by the effect on an alkali metal disulphite, preferably sodium disulphite. A zolmitriptan toluene solvate, characterized by a toluene content of 9 to 14% by weight according to the gas chromatography determination and by a maximum of the corresponding mass loss at temperatures of about 111° C. in the gravimetric analysis record. A zolmitriptan toluene solvate, showing strong Raman bands at the wave numbers of 1443 and 1354 cm−1, characteristic for the crystal lattice of zolmitriptan with built-in toluene, and further marked bands at 1004 and 786 cm−1, characteristic for toluene.

The resin-coated metal plate for the can end is thermally fused with a thermoplastic resin film (A) mainly composed of PBT and PET on the surface of the metal plate (1) which becomes the outer surface side of the can end, and on the surface which becomes the inner surface side of the can end. The thermoplastic resin film (B) mainly composed of PET is formed by thermal fusion, and the composition ratio (wt %) of PBT / PET of the thermoplastic resin film (A) is (40 / 60)~(80 / 20). The ratio of the Raman band intensity I0 of 1615 ± 10 cm-1 on the polarization plane horizontal to the surface to the Raman band intensity I90 of 1615 ± 10 cm-1 on the polarization plane perpendicular to the surface is 0.60 or more, and the thermoplastic resin film ( B) PET is 95 mol% or more, the thermoplastic resin film (B) has a melting point derived from PET of 250° C. to 265° C. and is 25° C. or more higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin film (A) derived from PBT. The half-maximum width of the Raman band at 1730±10cm-1 on the polarization plane is 15-20cm-1.