The invention provides a composite-measurement-based reliability research method for a power communication fiber network. The method comprises: effectiveness and fiber attenuation are used as measurement indexes for evaluating reliability of a power communication fiber network; a bandwidth, time delay, a packet loss, and a cost are used as indexes for evaluating a service transmission performance of the power communication fiber network; effectiveness, fiber attenuation, bandwidth, time delay, packet loss, and cost data are collected from operation data of an existing power communication fiber network, a mathematic model of the power communication fiber network is established by using the data, and constraint conditions of the measurement indexes including the effectiveness, fiber attenuation, bandwidth, time delay, packet loss, and cost are set; and composite measurement m optical circuit configuration is carried out on a to-be-evaluated power communication fiber network by using the mathematic model of the power communication fiber network. According to the invention, the method has a certain guidance significance in network optimization and resource allocation of the power communication fiber network as well as improvement of the reliability management level of the power communication network.