The invention disclose a photoelectric system method for rapid space-time positioning and attitude measuring. The method comprises steps of constructing a photoelectric scanning attitude measuring system, constructing a GNSS reference positioning system, constructing a global positioning coordinate system, calculating coordinate parameters of an omnidirectional optical receiver, calculating a distance between a laser emitter and the omnidirectional optical receiver arranged around, obtaining optimal precise coordinate parameters of the omnidirectional optical receiver, constructing a coordinate matrix, obtaining a position of an object to be measured in attitude by rotating and moving the coordinate matrix evenly, and determining whether the obtained position of the object to be measured in attitude is correct. In the method, attitude is measured by using both the constructed photoelectric scanning attitude measuring system and GNSS reference positioning system, therefore, a problem that attitude measurement cannot be continued due to transient failure of the GNSS is solved, the object to be tested in attitude is guaranteed stable in rapid space-time positioning and attitude measuring, and a correctness determining module is used to determine whether the obtained position of the object to be measured in attitude is correct, so that the measurement result is guaranteed reasonable and accurate effectively.