The invention discloses a slideway type detecting positioning instrument which is used for detecting objects such as wood and metals hidden in walls during house decoration, maintenance, object installation and the like and positioning and marking detected objects. The instrument comprises a main ruler, two auxiliary rulers, an ultraviolet (UV) strip, a horizontal level gauge, a vertical level gauge, two sucking disc fixing devices, two sliding rails, a detector and a scriber, wherein a slideway groove and an UV strip groove are arranged on the main ruler, two auxiliary rulers are installed inside the slideway groove of the main ruler, the main ruler and auxiliary rulers are combined to form a slideway type detecting positioning instrument body, the UV strip is installed inside the UV strip groove of the main ruler, buckles are arranged on the horizontal level gauge and the vertical level gauge, sliding rail installation positions are arranged on the main ruler, two sliding rails are fixed inside sliding rail installation positions of the main ruler in an up-and-down mode, the detector and the scriber are installed on sliding rails, sucking disc fixing devices are arranged at two ends of the main ruler, the horizontal level gauge and the vertical level gauge are installed on two sides of the slideway groove, and sealing covers are arranged at two ends of sliding rails.