The invention discloses a multi-mass-sheet two-side clamping device for rail vibration reduction. The multi-mass-sheet two-side clamping device comprises elastomers, supports, elastomer-steel member assemblies, pressing plates, first locking pieces, second locking pieces, pressing bars with pressing ends, leaf springs and rail gaskets, wherein the elastomers, supports, the elastomer-steel member assemblies, the pressing plates, the first locking pieces, the second locking pieces and the pressing bars with pressing ends are arranged on the first side and the second side of a rail, and the leafsprings and the rail gaskets are located on the pressing plates and the elastomer-steel member assemblies; the spring gaskets and the elastomer-steel member assemblies are attached to the rail, so that the vibration impact of a train on the rail is retarded; the elastomer-steel member assemblies increase structural damp of the rail and adjust the vibration frequency of the rail to be close to thefrequency of a main structure, and the resonance characteristic of the structure is changed, so that the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects are achieved. The multi-mass-sheet two-side clamping device can greatly reduce the energy transmitted by wheels and the rail, prevents the generation of vibration and noise, greatly prolongs the service life of the wheels and the rail, is beneficial to reduction of the use cost of a railway and noise pollution, is convenient to replace and disassemble, and has a very strong practical value and application prospect.