The invention provides an automobile battery box mounting structure which comprises two groups of fixing main bodies and two groups of connecting assemblies, the two groups of connecting assemblies and the two groups of fixing main bodies are correspondingly arranged on two opposite sides of a battery box, the fixing main bodies and the connecting assemblies are assembled in a sliding manner, buffer mechanisms are arranged on the fixing main bodies, and each connecting assembly comprises a mounting plate. The mounting plate is fixed to the battery box through a connecting plate, the buffer mechanism comprises a conical groove and a buffer groove, a conical sliding block is arranged in the conical groove, gaps are reserved between the side walls of the conical sliding block in the vertical direction and the side walls of the conical groove, a connecting rod is fixed to the outer side of the conical sliding block, and a cover plate is connected to the outer side of the conical groove; through holes for the connecting rods to penetrate through are formed in the cover plate, elastic buffering pieces are arranged in the buffering grooves, the connecting rods are connected with sliding plates, and the mounting plates are slidably assembled with the sliding plates. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the mounting difficulty of the battery box is reduced, meanwhile, direct rigid connection between the battery box and a vehicle body is avoided, and the buffering protection effect on the battery box is improved.