The invention relates to a
system for detecting a large-aperture and high-order convex aspheric surface. The
system comprises a phase shift interferometer, an auxiliary spherical reflector, a computer-generated hologram and a computer, wherein the computer is connected with the phase shift interferometer; a front focal point of an optical
system comprising the computer-generated hologram and the high-order convex aspheric surface and a focal point of an optical wave sent by the phase shift interferometer coincide, and a rear focal point and a sphere center of the auxiliary spherical reflector coincide; after the optical wave sent by the phase shift interferometer passes through the computer-generated hologram, the optical wave is reflected by the high-order convex aspheric surface and becomes a standard
spherical wave; after the standard
spherical wave is reflected by the auxiliary spherical reflector, the standard
spherical wave goes back in the same way to the phase shift interferometer, so that subaperture zero-crossing detection of the area corresponding to the high-order convex aspheric surface is realized; the phase shift interferometer obtains a subdomain, having overlapping areas, on the high-order convex aspheric surface; and a
data processing unit in the computer processes data in the subdomain, and full-aperture surface-shaped distribution information of the high-order convex aspheric surface is obtained. The invention further provides a device for detecting a convex spherical mirror or a convex aspherical mirror.