The invention provides a data center power distribution system and method, the system includes a power distribution unit, an energy storage battery, a photovoltaic polar plate set and an oil engine, the overall design efficiency is high, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved, and operation and maintenance are easy. The energy storage battery and the photovoltaic polar plate groupform a photovoltaic system, renewable energy sources are utilized by being connected into the photovoltaic system, electric power energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, the occupied area is small,and the application scene of a data center is met. The energy storage battery is adopted to store electric energy collected by photovoltaic in the daytime, and the electric energy is used as a backuppower supply of a data center. According to the invention, access of photovoltaic equipment and an energy storage battery can be satisfied, output of 240VDC direct current and 220VAC alternating current can be provided, power is supplied to an IT load and an air conditioner at the same time, and the efficiency of a power distribution system is improved.