The invention belongs to the field of intelligent agricultural equipment and provides a self-propelled caterpillar band chassis vehicle remote control system which is used for remotely controlling a self-propelled caterpillar band chassis vehicle. The system comprises an execution unit, a pneumatic unit and a control unit. The execution unit comprises a left turning air cylinder (14), a right turning air cylinder (13), a clutch air cylinder (6), a high and low gear shifting air cylinder (19), a transverse multi-gear shifting air cylinder (22) and a longitudinal multi-gear shifting air cylinder (24). The pneumatic unit comprises an air pump (26), a one-way valve (27), an air storage tank (28), a pneumatic three-piece unit (29), a pressure controller (30), an overflow valve (31), a hand slide valve (32), a compensated flow control valve (33), an electromagnetic valve (34) and a position sensor (35). The control unit comprises a signal receiving device, a signal transmitting device and a programmable logic controller. The remote control system is quite suitable for working under the conditions of the limited working space, the complex road condition and the severe environment, man-machine separation is achieved, and working safety is guaranteed.