The invention discloses a device for high-temperature coal tar hydrogenation and co-production of mesophase carbon microspheres, which includes a furnace body, a main heater, a material guide pipe, a substrate, a heating pipe, a scraper, a retaining ring, a return spring, a motor, and a screw thread. Rod, driving bevel gear, driven bevel gear and threaded sleeve, a material guide pipe is inserted on the top side of the furnace body, a main heater is installed at the center of the bottom surface of the furnace body, a base plate is arranged inside the furnace body, In addition, four heating pipes are symmetrically installed on the bottom surface of the substrate, and a threaded sleeve is installed on the top of the furnace body. This high-temperature coal tar hydrogenation co-production mesophase carbon microsphere equipment is jointly heated by the main heater and the heating pipe to improve The heating efficiency and heating uniformity of materials facilitate the production of mesophase carbon microspheres and effectively assist follow-up work. The production of this process increases the economic benefits of the enterprise, prolongs the company's industrial chain, and makes the energy represented by coal tar The industry has undergone a perfect transformation to the high-quality lithium-ion anode material industry.