The invention discloses a construction method for excavating a water-rich shallow underground excavation tunnel. The construction method includes the following steps that first, phi-42 advanced small pipes are constructed within the range of 180 degrees of the arch of the tunnel and the range of the top heading side wall through a steel frame erected in the last cycle, and advanced grouting supporting is performed; a first part is excavated; a preliminary support and a temporary support on the periphery of a heading of the first part are constructed, 4 cm thick concrete is sprayed preliminarily, a reinforcing mesh is installed, a steel frame and a temporary steel frame A are erected along with fluctuation of the rock face, and locking tremies are arranged; after holes are drilled and system anchor rods are arranged, concrete is sprayed again; second, a second part is excavated; 4 cm thick concrete is sprayed preliminarily on part of the periphery of the heading, and a reinforcing mesh is arranged; a steel frame on the periphery of a hole is lengthened through connection; after holes are drilled and system anchor rods are arranged, concrete is sprayed again; third, a third part is excavated in a blasting mode; fourth, a fourth part is excavated in a blasting mode. According to the construction method, the workloads for partition wall construction and removal are saved in construction, the tunnel construction progress is accelerated, the machine utilization rate is increased, energy waste is reduced, the construction period is short, and cost is low.