The invention discloses a 12-cylinder water cooling diesel engine. The engine comprises a crank connecting rod mechanism arranged on a fixed part, a gas distribution mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a cooling system, a lubricating system, a fuel supply system, an intake/exhaust system, an electric system and a starting mechanism. The water cooling engine widens the power range, increases the power from traditional 195-499 kW to 780 kW, preferably exerts the characteristics of high power, small size, compact structure and low fuel consumption of the series of diesel engines, adapts to the market demands, satisfies the use requirements of users, is better in market competitiveness, can be applied to such fields as engineering machinery and generator sets, and widens the application field of 132-series engines.