A beneficiation wastewater treating and recycling device comprises a bottom plate, a supporting plate, a frame device, a filtering device, a collecting device and an air cylinder device, wherein a first supporting rod, a second supporting rod, a first spring and a positioning ball are arranged on the bottom plate, the supporting plate is provided with a first through hole, a water outlet hopper, a first connecting rod, a shaking frame, a first filter screen, a second spring, a first box, a second filter screen, a third filter screen, a heat dissipation frame and a heating rod, the frame device comprises a frame, a feeding hopper, a fourth filter screen, a first pipeline, a first water pump, a first valve, a third supporting rod, a first transverse rod, a first oblique rod and a first roller, the filtering device comprises a fifth filter screen, a sixth filter screen, a first connecting line, a vibrator and a second connecting line, the collecting device comprises a second box, a guide block and a baffle, and the air cylinder device comprises a first support, an air cylinder, a push rod, a push plate and a positioning rod.The beneficiation wastewater treating and recycling device is capable of filtering beneficiation water thoroughly, remarkable in filtering effect and high in filtering efficiency.