The invention discloses a pipeline butt joint device for hydrogeological exploration drilling. The device comprises a clamping mechanism, a gripping mechanism and a lifting mechanism, wherein the lifting mechanism is mounted on the ground and slidably connected with the ground through a guide rail sliding block pair, the clamping mechanism is supported on the lifting mechanism, the gripping mechanism is supported on the clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism comprises a lower clamping jaw and an upper clamping jaw, during butt joint, the lifting mechanism is pushed forward, so that the lower clamping jaw corresponds to a drill pipe, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the lower clamping jaw extends out, so that the lower clamping jaw clamps the drill pipe, after a sleeve enters the upper clamping jaw, the clamping jaw clamps the sleeve, then the upper clamping jaw is driven to rotate, so that an axis of the sleeve and an axis of the drill pipe are overlapped, thenthe sleeve moves downwards to be inserted into a sleeve, the reliability is good, the butt joint difficulty is low, the efficiency is high, remote control by a worker is realized, security and reliability are achieved. Through cooperative movement of the gripping mechanism and the clamping mechanism, butt joint of the sleeve is completed, people do not directly contact the sleeve, the danger is reduced, and injury caused by the sleeve is prevented.