The invention relates to an emergency traction system applied to urban mass transit. The system comprises a power supply network, an auxiliary system of an urban mass vehicle, a main traction invertor, a traction motor, a power conversion device, an energy storage component and a master controller; the output end of the power supply network is connected with the power conversion device, the main traction invertor and the auxiliary system of the urban mass vehicle respectively; one end of the energy storage component is connected with the high-voltage side of the power supply network, and one end of the energy storage component is connected with the power supply network; the high-voltage side of the power conversion device is connected with the main traction invertor and the auxiliary system of the urban mass vehicle, and the low-voltage side of the power conversion device is connected with the energy storage component; and the traction motor is connected with the output end of the main traction invertor, and drives a train to run; and the power supply network, the auxiliary system of the urban mass vehicle, the main traction invertor, the traction motor, the power conversion device and the energy storage component are connected with the master controller through a communication bus. The system is suitable for high voltage grades, has a smaller volume and long service life, is high in reliability, and wide in an application range, and can be controlled flexibly, the traction load and distance are larger; and time of return on investment is short.