83results about How to "Smooth and precise control" patented technology

An exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system for projecting a pattern on a reticle onto a substrate, the projection optical system including an optical element closest to the substrate, an illumination optical system for illuminating the reticle using light from a light source, and a temperature controller for controlling a temperature of the optical element and thereby a temperature of a fluid that is filled in a space between the optical element in the projection optical system and the substrate, the exposure apparatus exposing the substrate via said projection optical system and the fluid.

An electromechanical drive system with drop-in capability allows manipulation of the majority of existing endoscopes. The invention does not require retrofitting of existing endoscopes and maintains the current clinical workflow. The drive system can be controlled through a human/machine interface, which could consist of a variety of different input devices, including a joystick, keyboard, or game controller.

A motor controller architecture and method of operating the same. The motor controller includes a function for estimating the low speed operation of the motor, for example by evaluating the response to a periodic excitation signal injected into the control loop of the controller architecture. A periodic excitation signal in the form of a square wave allows for analysis of the response of the motor without requiring demodulation, which allows the frequency of the excitation signal to be above the audible range. Control logic for controlling the motor at transitional speeds between low speed control and high speed (back emf) control is provided in some embodiments.

A driving mechanism comprises: (i) an actuator comprising: an electro-mechanical conversion element; a driving member which is connected to one end of the electro-mechanical conversion element and moves according to elongation or contraction of the electro-mechanical conversion element; and a weight member provided on the other end of the electro-mechanical conversion element; (ii) a driven member frictionally engaged with the driving member; and (iii) a driving circuit that drives the actuator, wherein the actuator allows the driven member to move along the driving member, and the driving circuit drives the electro-mechanical conversion element at a driving frequency f which gives f≧2^1/2·f₀ when resonance frequency of a 1-freedom system is f₀ in which the electro-mechanical conversion element and the driving member are designated as a mass and the weight member is designated as a spring, and driving frequency of the electro-mechanical conversion element is f.

This accumulating fuel injection apparatus is provided with a needle valve 6 adapted to open and close an injection nozzle 11 having injection ports 14 in a lower end portion thereof, a balancing chamber 5 formed in a casing 2 so as to apply a fuel pressure to a head portion of the needle valve 6, a supply passage including a slit 10 and used for supplying a fuel from a fuel supply port 19 to the balancing chamber 5, a discharge passage 20 comprising an orifice for discharging the fuel from the balancing chamber 5, and a solenoid valve 22 adapted to open and close the discharge passage 20, the lift of a valve disc 26 of the solenoid valve 22 is controlled by a lift control means comprising a stopper 28 the position of which is controlled by a lift control mechanism 23. The opening area of the discharge passage 20 comprising an orifice increases and decreases in accordance with the lift of the valve disc 26, and the lift of the needle valve 6 is determined so that the opening area of the slit 10 facing the interior of the balancing chamber 5 increases and decreases correspondingly to the flow rate of the fuel passing through the discharge passage 20, the degree of opening of the injection nozzle 11 increasing and decreasing accordingly.

A device for closed-loop control of a plurality of state variables of a steam generator of a thermal power plant is provided. In order to achieve stable and exact closed-loop control of the plurality of state variables, a multi-variable control/controller controls the plurality of state variables and uses a linear quadratic controller for this multi-variable control/controller.

A time-division multiplexing radio system controls transmission power based on an adjacent-channel leakage power ratio with precision and stability. The system has a directional coupler arranged at an output stage of a power amplifier in a transmitter and that has outputs directed to an antenna and a receiver, and a reception RF switch arranged at an input stage of a frequency converter in a receiver and that has inputs directed to the antenna and the coupler. Under transmission, the switch is switched over to the coupler so that the receiver receives the present channel to detect transmission power thereof. Also the receiver is set to receive an adjacent channel under transmission, so that adjacent-channel leakage power is detected. Based on those pieces of detected information, the ratio is calculated. To make the power ratio meet a specified condition, the transmission power of the transmitter is controlled.

The invention relates to a hill-start assist control method for an electric automobile. The hill-start assist control method for the electric automobile comprises the following steps of detecting theworking state of an automobile during starting; judging the gear and the foot brake state of the automobile; detecting motor feedback speed of the automobile; determining the control process accordingto the motor feedback speed; if the motor feedback speed is negative, recording the actual time needed by the automobile to pass through a system default distance; controlling output command torque according to the actual time and controlling the automobile to start on the basis of the output command torque. According to the hill-start assist control method for the electric automobile, differentoutput torques can be adjusted according to known automobile situations of different loads and different slopes by using the hill-start assist control method for the electric automobile to control theelectric automobile to start; therefore, phenomenons that excessive rushing of the automobile may be caused under situations of small hills and small loads by using only one set of PI parameters andthe slope sliding distance is increased due to insufficient force under situations of big hills and large loads to cause dangers for following automobiles if only one set of PI parameters are adoptedare improved; and the safety of the automobile is improved.

The invention provides a comprehensive test and control system for an engine bench based on a CAN bus. The system comprises an engine, a dynamometer coaxially connected with the engine and applying adamping moment to the engine, a throttle for controlling the engine power, a lower computer and an upper computer communicates bidirectionally with the lower computer through the CAN bus, the lower computer includes a policy module, the policy module includes multiple control strategies, some of the control strategies adopt a PID control algorithm adopting increment to control the engine speed andtorque of the engine by adjusting the throttle opening of the engine and the excitation of the dynamometer, the remaining control strategies adopting a fuzzy PID control algorithm to adjust the throttle opening of the engine and the excitation of the dynamometer so as to control the speed and torque of the engine, and the upper computer is connected with the policy module to write a control program to the policy module to cause the policy module to execute the corresponding control strategies.

An injection molding machine comprises a pre-pressure addition means 2 adding a pre-pressure B acting in the opposite direction of a molding material pressure A received by a screw 1 to a detection means 3 and/or the screw 1, the detection means 3 detecting the axial pressures A and B of the screw, and a screw movement control means 4 controlling the axial pressure based on a different between the pre-pressure B and the molding material pressure A, wherein the pre-pressure addition means 2 is made non-contact with the direction means 3, a forward and backward driving motor 17 is disposed adjacent to a heating cylinder 10, and a screw connector 21 at the rear end of the screw 1 is spline-connected inside a rotating rotor of a screw rotating motor 12. According to the machine, the molding material pressure received by the screw can be accurately detected without being affected by the wear of the machine so as to properly control the axial pressure of the screw and to make the machine compact.

A state controller, in order to output a desired steam temperature as a controlled variable, feeds back several steam states in a superheater for superheating steam using a monitor, which calculates the steam states, and the desired steam temperature is forwarded to a further controller for controlling the temperature. In order to achieve a stable and accurate control of the steam temperature, it is proposed that the state controller be a linear quadratic controller.

In a method of controlling an injection molding machine M which controls specified operational processes in a molding cycle by variably controlling the rotation speed of a driving motor 3 in a hydraulic pump 2 and driving a specified hydraulic actuators 4a, 4b, . . . , in lowering the pressure Pd of the operational process to a specified pressure Pn, the pressure Pd is forcibly lowered by controlling the driving motor 3 in reverse rotation.