The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial wastewater treatment and particularly relates to an industrial rare earth wastewater treatment process. In the process, a rare earth separation and recovery device comprises a casing, a waste liquor tank, a filter net, a liquor inlet disc, a transition barrel, a discharging door, a gear ring, a rotary arm, a motor, a fixed sleeve, an electric cylinder and a material box. The left end of the liquor inlet disc is hinged on the left inner wall of the casing, the right end of the discharging door is hinged at one end of the rotary arm through a spherical surface, gear teeth on the transition barrel are meshed with gear teeth on the gear ring, so that the transition barrel can rotate around the rotation axis while rotating around the hinged position at the left end of the liquor inlet disc, water liquor in the filter net is continuously rolled, thus, the inner surface of the filter net cannot extrude rare earth particles through constant rolling, the condition that liquor cannot penetrate through the filter net conveniently due to blockage of the filter net by rare earth particles is avoided, separation of liquor and the rare earth particles in the waste liquor is accelerated, and the rare earth separation and recovery efficiency is improved.