Disclosed are a modular coal automatic sample preparation analysis system and a method. The system is composed of a sample preparation unit, an analysis unit and a control unit; the method includes arranging a nitrogen feeding drying cabinet, an electronic balance, a sample preparation shredder, a vessel storage unit A, an automatic sample separation machine, a sulfur analyzer, an industrial analyzer, a calorimeter and a vessel storage unit B around a robot in a combination mode, and using the robot for achieving works of material handling, assembling, vessel arranging, waste material collecting and the like needed in the sample preparation and analysis working process. According to the modular coal automatic sample preparation analysis system and the method, works of automatic sample preparation and automatic analysis of coal sample raw materials, automatic preparation and sealing for storage of coal samples for back-check, information printing, waste material automatic collection and the like can be achieved. Automatic level in the coal sample preparation and analysis process is improved, work efficiency is enhanced, and labor intensity of workers is reduced; no manual operationerror exists, and accuracy and reliability of analysis results are improved; work environment is improved, and hurts of dust, noise and the like to human health are avoided. The system has the advantages of compact structure, convenience in operation and good utilization effect.