The invention provides a portable digital storage oscilloscope based on SOPC technology. A to-be-detected signal is outputted to an RC attenuation circuit via an optocoupler, attenuation switching on the to-be-detected signal is completed, a broadband amplifier carried out buffer isolation on the to-be-detected signal after attenuation, a variable gain amplifier is used for adjusting the gain of the to-be-detected signal, the to-be-detected signal after adjustment is mixed with reference level via an ADC driver, analog-to-digital conversion is carried out via the ADC, an FPGA is used for storing and controlling a sampling signal, amplitude operation and frequency operation on the data are completed, spectrum analysis operation is carried out, and operation results are outputted to a man-machine interaction module for display. A hardware circuit is simplified, power consumption, the size and the cost are reduced, the sampling rate is high, and functions of signal waveform measurement, peak value measurement, effective value measurement, frequency measurement and signal spectrum analysis can be realized.