The invention discloses a Fresnel zone plate spectrum confocal measurement method. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a spectrum confocal measurement device, performing direct chromatic dispersion focusing by using the Fresnel zone plate which replaces a lens or a lens group; monitoring an axial location of a standard plane mirror, calibrating linear axial focusing range of theFresnel zone plate and the wavelength-location relation of the spectrum confocal measurement device; replacing the standard planar mirror as the to-be-measured sample, placing a to-be-measured surface of the sample in the measurement range of the device to perform measurement; performing the chromatic dispersion on the composite light source along the axial direction of the Fresnel zone plate, thereby producing color zones corresponding to different wavelengths, returning the light field with the wavelength corresponding to the focal point focused on the sample surface along an original lightpath, enabling a spectrograph to detect a return signal intensity point diffusion function, computing a peak coordinate location by utilizing a centroid method, and obtaining the location informationof the sample measurement point according to the wavelength-location calibration curve. Compared with the traditional spectrum confocal measurement, the method has the advantages of being simple in structure, flexible in design, and low in cost.