The invention relates to the technical field of gas sensors, in particular to an ultra-narrow band infrared thermal radiation light source and a compact infrared gas sensor. The ultra-narrow band infrared thermal radiation light source comprises a first substrate, a supporting layer, a heating plate, a metamaterial absorber and a sealing layer, wherein the metamaterial absorber comprises a metal plate and a microarray structure; the microarray structure is arranged on the metal plate, and the microarray structure comprises a dielectric layer and a metal antenna; and first insulating layers arearranged on the two sides of the heating plate. The compact infrared gas sensor comprises a gas chamber, an infrared emitter and an infrared detector, wherein the infrared emitter uses the ultra-narrow band infrared thermal radiation light source, a reflecting layer is arranged on the inner wall of the gas chamber, and the infrared detector comprises a second substrate, a heat insulation micro-bridge, a heat sensitive layer and a metasurface. The low-radiation compact infrared gas sensor can solve the problems that a traditional infrared gas sensor is large in size, high in cost and the like,and has the advantages of being small in size, low in power consumption, low in cost, capable of detecting various gases at the same time and the like.