The invention discloses a railway track maintenance machine based on the collaborative operation mode of a mother machine and a son machine. The maintenance machine comprises a host computer, the mother machine and the son machine. The mother machine is provided with an unevenness detection module, a defect detection module and a bolt looseness detection module. The son machine is provided with a bolt screwing device, an oiling device, a grinding machine and a back testing device. The unevenness detection module and the defect detection module are respectively connected with the host computer. The host computer is used for controlling the screwing device, the oiling device, the grinding machine and the back testing device. The device is relatively small in size, high in integration, automation and intelligence degrees, and relatively high in efficiency. Manpower is saved, the traditional working mode of maintenance separation is changed, collaborative operation of detection and repairing of railway routine maintenance is realized, daily conservation costs are reduced, the working efficiency of conservation is improved, and the like.