The invention discloses a polishing head with a vacuum suction cup. According to the polishing head, a workpiece can be quickly and stably sucked, independent rotation can be realized, the rotation speed can be adjusted by a polishing machine, and the polishing pressure can be changed. The polishing head consists of the suction cup, a high-speed rotary joint, a vacuum hose and a vacuum generator which are connected in series in sequence. The suction cup is formed by two schemes: 1, the suction cup comprises a disk face, a disk bottom, a vacuum tube, bolts for connecting the disc face with the disc bottom, and pressing blocks of different masses, wherein the pressing blocks of different masses are combined to adjust the polishing pressure on the workpiece; 2, the suction cup comprises a disc face, a disc bottom, a positioning shaft, a vacuum tube, a positioning cylinder, a spring, a pressure regulating nut, a retainer, a limiting rack and a retainer end face ring, wherein the polishing pressure acting on the workpiece is changed by compressing the spring through the pressure regulating nut. The polishing head can be a substitute for the conventional methods for adhering the workpiece through substances such as glue and soluble wax, and is low in cost and easy to operate, and the machining efficiency and the machining precision can be improved. The polishing head can be combined with a rotary swing gravity type grinding and polishing machine for use.