The invention discloses an audio signal based wind power blade damage monitoring method and monitoring system. Audio signals sent by blades of wind driven generators in a wind power plant are circularly collected in the operation process, characteristic values of the audio signals are calculated, change of each unit audio signal characteristic value is analyzed, change of blade states is judged according to the change condition of the characteristic values, and a warning signal is sent for possible damage to remind a worker to perform further check, so that damage and defect of the blades are timely found in the early occurrence and development period, repairing measures are taken, the operation quality of the blades is improved, and meanwhile, major accidents such as blade breaking and falling and the like are prevented. The monitoring system comprises an omnidirectional microphone, a directional microphone, a collection amplification circuit, a conditioning circuit, an A / D conversion circuit, a connector, a data acquisition card and a computer. The monitoring system takes the irreversibility of blade damage as work foundation, so that the result is accurate, and the reliability is high.