The invention relates to a Pickering high internal phase emulsion, a 3D printing porous support material prepared from the Pickering high internal phase emulsion and a preparation method of the Pickering high internal phase emulsion. The method comprises the following steps: nano-hydroxyapatite particles are used as an emulsion stabilizer, gelatin, collagen and genipin are dissolved into deionizedwater to form a continuous phase of an emulsion, an organic solvent is used as a dispersion phase, emulsification treatment is performed, a cross-linking reaction is performed to form the oil-in-water Pickering high internal phase emulsion, the continuous phase of the emulsion is fixed, finally 3D printing is performed to obtain a gel support, the solvent is volatilized to remove the dispersion phase, and drying is performed to obtain the porous support material with communicating pores and adjustable pore diameters. According to the method provided by the invention, an emulsion template method is adopted, the emulsion template method is combined with a 3D printing technology, so that the prepared porous support material has the advantages of high porosity, communicating pores, adjustablepore diameters, good biocompatibility, no toxicity or harm to organisms and the like, and has a wide application prospect in the field of biomedical materials.