The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment, and in particular relates to a sewage filtering device. The sewage filtering device is composed of a hydraulic rotary filter cylinder system, a back-flushing device, a supporting device and a hydraulic speed regulation device, wherein the hydraulic rotary filter cylinder system is composed of a rotary shaft (7), a sewage inlet tube (9), blades (11), a filter screen (14) and a filter screen frame (25). The sewage filtering device is characterized in that the two ends of the rotary shaft are fixed on a bearing (8), the circular-ring-shaped filter screen frame is arranged on the rotary shaft, a conical-cylinder-shaped filter screen with two opened ends is arranged on the outer surface of the filter screen frame, the diameter of an a end of the filter screen is larger than that of a b end of the filter screen, the blades are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the filter screen frame at the a end, the sewage inlet tube (9) is arranged in the filter screen frame in a suspending manner, and the opening of the sewage inlet tube (9) is aligned with one of the blades. The sewage filtering device synchronously performs a filter treatment and multi-effect clogging prevention, and rotation and speed regulation are driven by hydraulic power, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the failure rate is low, equipment cost is low, machining is simple and easy to implement, and the operation of the equipment is more stable and reliable.