The invention discloses an abnormal working condition sensing algorithm of a low-voltage power supply circuit. The abnormal working condition sensing algorithm comprises the steps of: sampling instantaneous values ia, ib, and ic of three-phase currents and the instantaneous value ir of residual current according to the set number of sampling points within each cycle, and detecting whether the waveform of ia, ib, ic or ir generates a sudden change point by point; and excluding the erroneous judgement of the low-voltage power supply circuit caused by electrical disturbances point by point: judging whether an abnormal working condition occurs in the low-voltage power supply circuit. The abnormal working condition occuring in the low-voltage power supply circuit is accurately identified, and meanwhile, the erroneous judgement caused by load fluctuations and electrical interference is excluded as much as possible, in order to reduce the performance requirements on a sensing device, a communication bandwidth and the processing capability of a cloud platform. The invention further discloses an abnormal working condition sensing device of the low-voltage power supply circuit, which can also achieve the above technical effects.