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The application discloses a copper-aluminum composite pipe blank preparation device and method based on bidirectional cooling control, and belongs to the technical field of metal composite solid-liquid casting. The device comprises coaxially arranged inner and outer crystallizers, a positioning base, an aluminum pipe outer mold and a split runner. The aluminum pipe and the inner crystallizer form an annular casting cavity, and the inner and outer crystallizers are provided with bidirectional cooling channels. The method comprises coaxial assembly, copper melt smelting in a protective atmosphere, split uniform casting and inner-outer cooperative forced cooling. The application precisely regulates the temperature field through bidirectional cooling, shortens the high-temperature contact time of copper and aluminum, suppresses the growth of brittle intermetallic compounds, reduces interface oxidation, pores and inclusions and improves the metallurgical bonding strength. The device structure is simple, the specification is adjustable, the production efficiency is high, the problems of poor interface bonding and many defects in traditional composite pipe preparation are effectively solved, and the device is suitable for the industrialized production of copper-aluminum composite pipe blanks in the fields of electric power and automobiles.