The invention relates to a rapid plugging device of a dewatering well with a deep foundation, which comprises a plugging sleeve, a plugging cover base, a plugging cover, an external water stopping ring, an inner water stopping ring and a water stopping plate, wherein the plugging cover base is a ring base connected and vertically fixed with the lower part of the inner wall of the plugging sleeve, more than three bolts are welded on the circumference in equal parts of plugging cover base, the plugging cover is provided with bolt holes relative to the bolts of the plugging cover base, the inner and external water stopping rings are vertically fixed and connected to the inner and outer walls of the plugging sleeve, the water stopping plate and the inner water stopping ring are connected through welding or flange. The device has simple structure, low process cost, convenient use and wide adaptability, and uses unified construction method to replace each plugging process, has rapid plugging, low cost, no construction risk and dangers, avoids the limitless underground water pumping, and protects the environment.