The invention discloses a method for improving the troubleshooting efficiency of a shear pin system of a water turbine and belongs to the technical field of maintenance of water turbine equipment in power plants. According to the method, in order to overcome defects existing in design and installation of an original system, segmenting of the whole system is determined so that all shear pins can be controlled independently, it is that a hand control valve is additionally installed on an inlet of an air supply branch pipe of each shear pin, an air inflation test is carried out on the air supply branch pipes of all the shear pins independently, when the pressure is kept for 30min, the inflated air supply branch pipes and connectors of the shear pins are brushed with soap water if the pressure is found to decrease, and a fault point is judged out according to foaming conditions. The method overcomes the defects that for maintenance personnel, because the number of the connectors of the shear pin air supply system is too large, the troubleshooting range is wide, an air leakage point is different to find and determine, the troubleshooting work hours are long, working efficiency is low, and the unit cannot recover to be normal timely. After the improvement, the troubleshooting range is shrunken, the technology is easy and convenient to carry out, work hours are shortened, the defects are eliminated timely, and safe operation of the master equipment is not affected after the implementation.