The invention discloses an improved SVM equalization method and system for an NG-PON. The method in the invention comprises the steps of: (1), inserting training sequences into digital signals needingto be transmitted every the set length, generating electrical NRZ signals through high-rate NRZ modulation, and converting the high-rate electrical NRZ signals including the training sequences into optical NRZ signals; (2), transmitting the optical NRZ signals to a receiving end, and converting the received optical NRZ signals into the electrical NRZ signals; (3), performing up-sampling on the electrical NRZ signals, and performing down-sampling after time synchronization; (4), extracting the training sequences, constructing a characteristic value vector for each training sequence, and calculating an optimal hyperplane; (5), judging information sequences by utilizing the optimal hyperplane, so that equalization is realized; and (6), returning to the step (4) after equalization of the information sequences is completed every the set length. According to the improved SVM equalization method and system for the NG-PON disclosed by the invention, the problem that the receiving sensitivityof the system is decreased due to signal distortion, intersymbol interference and the like introduced by bandwidth limitation when high-rate signals are transmitted by a low-bandwidth device can be solved.