The invention discloses a capacitive voltage balancing method for an MMC type direct current transformer with asymmetric bridge arms. The method comprises the following steps: based on a main circuitstructure of the MMC type direct current transformer and a bridge arm current mathematical model, setting up a differential mode current equivalent loop and a common mode current equivalent loop for currents of the bridge arms of the transformer; based on the differential mode current equivalent loop and the common mode current equivalent loop, respectively calculating a first difference value between input power and output power of an upper bridge arm as well as a second difference value between input power and output power of a lower bridge arm; by adopting PI control, acquiring in real time, and based on a difference value between capacitive voltages of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm, adjusting the first difference value and the second difference value, thus capacitive voltage balance is realized. The method disclosed by the invention builds a power transmission model in an equipment operation process, a reason for unbalance of the capacitive voltages of an upper bridge arm module and a lower bridge arm module when an energy transmission direction is asymmetric bridge arm inductance can be accurately obtained, and the first difference value and the second difference value are adjusted by adopting the PI control, so that the method is simple and can effectively inhibit the unbalance, due to the asymmetric bridge arm inductance, of the capacitive voltages of themodules.